欢迎访问【小梦文库】范文大全网!

考研英语一阅读历年真题

网联网网友 分享 时间: 加入收藏 我要投稿 点赞
小梦文库欢迎你 http://wenku.520cd.com

考研英语在写的过程中一定要牢记同一句型绝对不要使用第二遍,同时逻辑结构也很重要,一定要呈现出层层递进,条理清晰。下文是小编为你精心编辑整理的考研英语一阅读历年真题,希望对你有所帮助,更多内容,请点击相关栏目查看,谢谢!xXK小梦文库

xXK小梦文库

考研英语一阅读历年真题1xXK小梦文库

Text 3xXK小梦文库

The rough guide to marketing success used to be that you got what you paid for. No longer. While traditional “paid” media – such as television commercials and print advertisements – still play a major role, companies today can exploit many alternative forms of media. Consumers passionate about a product may create “owned” media by sending e-mail alerts about products and sales to customers registered with its Web site. The way consumers now approach the broad range of factors beyond conventional paid media.xXK小梦文库

Paid and owned media are controlled by marketers promoting their own products. For earned media , such marketers act as the initiator for users‘ responses. But in some cases, one marketer’s owned media become another marketer‘s paid media – for instance, when an e-commerce retailer sells ad space on its Web site. We define such sold media as owned media whose traffic is so strong that other organizations place their content or e-commerce engines within that environment. This trend ,which we believe is still in its infancy, effectively began with retailers and travel providers such as airlines and hotels and will no doubt go further. Johnson & Johnson, for example, has created BabyCenter, a stand-alone media property that promotes complementary and even competitive products. Besides generating income, the presence of other marketers makes the site seem objective, gives companies opportunities to learn valuable information about the appeal of other companies’ marketing, and may help expand user traffic for all companies concerned.xXK小梦文库

The same dramatic technological changes that have provided marketers with more (and more diverse) communications choices have also increased the risk that passionate consumers will voice their opinions in quicker, more visible, and much more damaging ways. Such hijacked media are the opposite of earned media: an asset or campaign becomes hostage to consumers, other stakeholders, or activists who make negative allegations about a brand or product. Members of social networks, for instance, are learning that they can hijack media to apply pressure on the businesses that originally created them.xXK小梦文库

If that happens, passionate consumers would try to persuade others to boycott products, putting the reputation of the target company at risk. In such a case, the company‘s response may not be sufficiently quick or thoughtful, and the learning curve has been steep. Toyota Motor, for example, alleviated some of the damage from its recall crisis earlier this year with a relatively quick and well-orchestrated social-media response campaign, which included efforts to engage with consumers directly on sites such as Twitter and the social-news site Digg.xXK小梦文库

31.Consumers may create “earned” media when they arexXK小梦文库

[A] obscssed with online shopping at certain Web sites.xXK小梦文库

[B] inspired by product-promoting e-mails sent to them.xXK小梦文库

[C] eager to help their friends promote quality products.xXK小梦文库

[D] enthusiastic about recommending their favorite products.xXK小梦文库

32. According to Paragraph 2,sold media featurexXK小梦文库

[A] a safe business environment.xXK小梦文库

[B] random competition.xXK小梦文库

[C] strong user traffic.xXK小梦文库

[D] flexibility in organization.xXK小梦文库

33. The author indicates in Paragraph 3 that earned mediaxXK小梦文库

[A] invite constant conflicts with passionate consumers.xXK小梦文库

[B] can be used to produce negative effects in marketing.xXK小梦文库

[C] may be responsible for fiercer competition.xXK小梦文库

[D] deserve all the negative comments about them.xXK小梦文库

34. Toyota Motor‘s experience is cited as an example ofxXK小梦文库

[A] responding effectively to hijacked media.xXK小梦文库

[B] persuading customers into boycotting products.xXK小梦文库

[C] cooperating with supportive consumers.xXK小梦文库

[D] taking advantage of hijacked media.xXK小梦文库

35. Which of the following is the text mainly about ?xXK小梦文库

[A] Alternatives to conventional paid media.xXK小梦文库

[B] Conflict between hijacked and earned media.xXK小梦文库

[C] Dominance of hijacked media.xXK小梦文库

[D] Popularity of owned media.xXK小梦文库

考研英语一阅读历年真题2xXK小梦文库

Text 3xXK小梦文库

The journal Science is adding an extra source at Peer-review process, editor-in-chief Marcia McNott announced today. The Follows similar efforts from other journals, after widespread concern that Mistakes in data analysis are contributing to the Published research findings.xXK小梦文库

"Readers must have confidence in the conclusions published in our journal,"writes McNutt in an editorial. Working with the American Statistical Association, the Journal has appointed seven experts to a statistics board of reviewing Manuscript will be flagged up for additional scrutiny by the Journal's editors, or by its existing Board of Reviewing Editors or by outside peer The SBoRE panel will then find external statisticians to review thesexXK小梦文库

Asked whether any particular papers had impelled the change, McNutt said,"The creation of the'statistics board'was motivated by concerns broadly with the application of statistics and data analysis in scientific research and is part of Science's overall drive to increase reproducibility in the research we publish."xXK小梦文库

Giovanni Parmigiani,a biostatistician at the Harvard School of Public Health, a member of the SBoRE group, says he expects the board to "play primarily on advisory role." He agreed to join because he "found the foresight behind the establishment of the SBoRE to be novel, unique and likely to have a lasting impact. This impact will not only be through the publications in Science itself, but hopefully through a larger group of publishing places that may want to model their approach after Science."xXK小梦文库

John Ioannidis, a physician who studies research methodology, says that the policy is "a most welcome step forward"and "long overdue,""Most journals are weak in statistical review,and this damages the quality of what they publish. I think that, for the majority of scientific papers nowadays, statistical review is more essential than expert review,"he says. But he noted that biomedical journals such as Annals of Internal Medicine, the Journal of the American Medical Association and The Lancet pay strong attention to statistical review.xXK小梦文库

Professional scientists are expected to know how to analyze data, but statistical errors are alarmingly common in published research,according to David Vaux,a cell biologist. Researchers should improve their standards, he wrote in 2012,but journals should also take a tougher line,"engaging reviewers who are statistically literate and editors who can verify the process."Vaux says that Science's idea to pass some papers to statisticians "has some merit,but a weakness is that it relies on the board of reviewing editors to identify'the papers that need scrutiny'in the first place."xXK小梦文库

31. It can be learned from Paragraph I thatxXK小梦文库

[A] Science intends to simplify its peer-review process.xXK小梦文库

[B]journals are strengthening their statistical checks.xXK小梦文库

[C]few journals are blamed for mistakes in data analysis.xXK小梦文库

[D]lack of data analysis is common in research projects.xXK小梦文库

32. The phrase "flagged up "(Para.2)is the closest in meaning toxXK小梦文库

[A]found.xXK小梦文库

[B]revised.xXK小梦文库

[C]markedxXK小梦文库

[D]storedxXK小梦文库

33. Giovanni Parmigiani believes that the establishment of the SBoRE mayxXK小梦文库

[A]pose a threat to all its peersxXK小梦文库

[B]meet with strong oppositionxXK小梦文库

[C]increase Science's circulation.xXK小梦文库

[D]set an example for other journalsxXK小梦文库

34. David Vaux holds that what Science is doing nowxXK小梦文库

A. adds to researchers' worklosd.xXK小梦文库

B. diminishes the role of reviewers.xXK小梦文库

C. has room for further improvement.xXK小梦文库

D. is to fail in the foreseeable future.xXK小梦文库

35. Which of the following is the best title of the text?xXK小梦文库

A. Science Joins Push to Screen Statistics in PapersxXK小梦文库

B. Professional Statisticians Deserve More RespectxXK小梦文库

C. Data Analysis Finds Its Way onto Editors' DesksxXK小梦文库

D. Statisticians Are Coming Back with SciencexXK小梦文库

考研英语一阅读历年真题3xXK小梦文库

Text 3xXK小梦文库

Any fair-minded assessment of the dangers of the deal between Britain's National Health Service (NHS) and DeepMind must start by acknowledging that both sides mean well. DeepMind is one of the leading artificial intelligence (AI) companies in the world. The potential of this work applied to healthcare is very great, but it could also lead to further concentration of power in the tech giants. It Is against that background that the information commissioner, Elizabeth Denham, has issued her damning verdict against the Royal Free hospital trust under the NHS, which handed over to DeepMind the records of 1.6 million patients In 2015 on the basis of a vague agreement which took far too little account of the patients' rights and their expectations of privacy.xXK小梦文库

DeepMind has almost apologized. The NHS trust has mended its ways. Further arrangements- and there may be many-between the NHS and DeepMind will be carefully scrutinised to ensure that all necessary permissions have been asked of patients and all unnecessary data has been cleaned. There are lessons about informed patient consent to learn. But privacy is not the only angle in this case and not even the most important. Ms Denham chose to concentrate the blame on the NHS trust, since under existing law it “controlled” the data and DeepMind merely “processed" it. But this distinction misses the point that it is processing and aggregation, not the mere possession of bits, that gives the data value.xXK小梦文库

The great question is who should benefit from the analysis of all the data that our lives now generate. Privacy law builds on the concept of damage to an individual from identifiable knowledge about them. That misses the way the surveillance economy works. The data of an individual there gains its value only when it is compared with the data of countless millions more.xXK小梦文库

The use of privacy law to curb the tech giants in this instance feels slightly maladapted. This practice does not address the real worry. It is not enough to say that the algorithms DeepMind develops will benefit patients and save lives. What matters is that they will belong to a private monopoly which developed them using public resources. If software promises to save lives on the scale that dugs now can, big data may be expected to behave as a big pharm has done. We are still at the beginning of this revolution and small choices now may turn out to have gigantic consequences later. A long struggle will be needed to avoid a future of digital feudalism. Ms Denham's report is a welcome start.xXK小梦文库

31.Wha is true of the agreement between the NHS and DeepMind ?xXK小梦文库

[A] It caused conflicts among tech giants.xXK小梦文库

[B] It failed to pay due attention to patient’s rights.xXK小梦文库

[C] It fell short of the latter's expectationsxXK小梦文库

[D] It put both sides into a dangerous situation.xXK小梦文库

32. The NHS trust responded to Denham's verdict withxXK小梦文库

[A] empty promises.xXK小梦文库

[B] tough resistance.xXK小梦文库

[C] necessary adjustments.xXK小梦文库

[D] sincere apologies.xXK小梦文库

33.The author argues in Paragraph 2 thatxXK小梦文库

[A] privacy protection must be secured at all costs.xXK小梦文库

[B] leaking patients' data is worse than selling it.xXK小梦文库

[C] making profits from patients' data is illegal.xXK小梦文库

[D] the value of data comes from the processing of itxXK小梦文库

34.According to the last paragraph, the real worry arising from this deal isxXK小梦文库

[A] the vicious rivalry among big pharmas.xXK小梦文库

[B] the ineffective enforcement of privacy law.xXK小梦文库

[C] the uncontrolled use of new software.xXK小梦文库

[D] the monopoly of big data by tech giants.xXK小梦文库

35.The author's attitude toward the application of AI to healthcare isxXK小梦文库

[A] ambiguous.xXK小梦文库

[B] cautious.xXK小梦文库

[C] appreciative.xXK小梦文库

[D] contemptuous.xXK小梦文库

考研英语一阅读历年真题4xXK小梦文库

Text 3xXK小梦文库

The US$3-million Fundamental physics prize is indeed an interesting experiment, as Alexander Polyakov said when he accepted this year’s award in March. And it is far from the only one of its type. As a News Feature article in Nature discusses, a string of lucrative awards for researchers have joined the Nobel Prizes in recent years. Many, like the Fundamental Physics Prize, are funded from the telephone-number-sized bank accounts of Internet entrepreneurs. These benefactors have succeeded in their chosen fields, they say, and they want to use their wealth to draw attention to those who have succeeded in science.xXK小梦文库

What’s not to like? Quite a lot, according to a handful of scientists quoted in the News Feature. You cannot buy class, as the old saying goes, and these upstart entrepreneurs cannot buy their prizes the prestige of the Nobels, The new awards are an exercise in self-promotion for those behind them, say scientists. They could distort the achievement-based system of peer-review-led research. They could cement the status quo of peer-reviewed research. They do not fund peer-reviewed research. They perpetuate the myth of the lone genius.xXK小梦文库

The goals of the prize-givers seem as scattered as the criticism.Some want to shock, others to draw people into science, or to better reward those who have made their careers in research.xXK小梦文库

As Nature has pointed out before, there are some legitimate concerns about how science prizes—both new and old—are distributed. The Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences, launched this year, takes an unrepresentative view of what the life sciences include.But the Nobel Foundation’s limit of three recipients per prize, each of whom must still be living, has long been outgrown by the collaborative nature of modern research—as will be demonstrated by the inevitable row over who is ignored when it comes to acknowledging the discovery of the Higgs boson. The Nobels were, of course,themselves set up by a very rich individual who had decided what he wanted to do with his own money. Time, rather than intention, has given them legitimacy.xXK小梦文库

As much as some scientists may complain about the new awards, two things seem clear. First, most researchers would accept such a prize if they were offered one. Second, it is surely a good thing that the money and attention come to science rather than go elsewhere, It is fair to criticize and question the mechanism—that is the culture of research, after all—but it is the prize-givers’ money to do with as they please. It is wise to take such gifts with gratitude and grace.xXK小梦文库

真题解析:xXK小梦文库

文章主题及背景知识:此篇阅读的主题内容为“基础物理学奖”,如果对于这一背景信息有所了解,这篇文章便可轻松看懂,做题更是十拿九稳!与2013年相比,2014考研阅读文章同样注重时效性,Text3便是反应了2013年3月份的一次实时事件:基础物理学基金会于3月20日晚在瑞士日内瓦揭晓了2013年基础物理学奖!所以2015考研的同学们一定要多多关注社会热点话题,拓展视野,丰富自己的文化背景知识,这样才能取得事半功倍的效果!xXK小梦文库

文章讲到的是关于和诺贝尔奖一样的奖金丰厚的奖项出现,这些奖项就是由一些网络的公司或者是一些新贵们他们得出这样大量的钱,当然会遭出一些批评,这些奖项还是没法和诺贝尔奖相比的,阶级是没法改变的,名望是没法购买的。当然这一系列的东西,在前三段当中谈到之后,到了最后一段,作者表明他的观点,纵然这些对科学家的奖励在奖项上存在着一些瑕疵,存在着一些不合理的地方。但是对于科学家来说,有人给你钱支持你的研究,终归是好的。也就是说从31到35题基本上没有难题,也没有可以去争议的,也是既所得的文章。xXK小梦文库

31.The Fundamental Physical Prize is seen asxXK小梦文库

[A]a symbol of the entrepreneurs’s wealth.xXK小梦文库

[B]a possible replacement of the Nobel Prize.xXK小梦文库

[C]an example of bankers’ investment.xXK小梦文库

[D]a handsome reward for researchers.xXK小梦文库

答案:A为细节题。根据题干中的Fundamental Physics Prize可以定位到第一段,但除此之外就没有其他细节提示信息了,所以我们只能根据几个选项去定位,分别根据选项中的entrepreneurs、Nobel Prize、investment、reward去定位,在第一段末句找到了与A选项相一致的句子,则判定A选项正确。xXK小梦文库

32.The phrase “to sign on”(Line 3,Para.2) most probably meansxXK小梦文库

[A]the profit-oriented scientists.xXK小梦文库

[B]the founders of the new award.xXK小梦文库

[C]the achievement-based system.xXK小梦文库

[D]peer-review-led research.xXK小梦文库

答案:B 为细节题。根据题干中的critics定位到第三段,可知第二段没有出题,从第三段第二句可以得出本道题的正确选项,who have made their careers in research即为B选项中的The founders。xXK小梦文库

33.What promoted the chancellor to develop his scheme?xXK小梦文库

[A]controversies over the recipients’ status.xXK小梦文库

[B]the joint effort of modern researchers.xXK小梦文库

[C]legitimate concerns over the new prize.xXK小梦文库

[D]the demonstration of research findings.xXK小梦文库

答案: D 为细节题。本道题如果从题干中看更像是例证题,但题目中说道the case involves即问例子本身,所以为一道细节题。我们在第四段倒数第三句中找到了Higgs boson,定位到本句可以得知nature of modern research---as well as demonstrated by……即为本道题正确答案。xXK小梦文库

34.According to Paragraph 3, being unemployed makes one one feelxXK小梦文库

[A]Their endurance has done justice to them.xXK小梦文库

[B]Their legitimacy has long been in dispute.xXK小梦文库

[C]They are the most representative honor.xXK小梦文库

[D]History has never cast doubt on them.xXK小梦文库

答案: A 为判断题。此类题型是考试中的一个难点,在题干中提示信息非常少,所以我们需要根据每个选项分别定位。A选项的durance定位到本段最后一句time。B选项根据legitimacy定位到第一句。C选项没有提到。D选项从最后一段可以验证确实是收到了质疑,B选项和原文不符,可以得知答案为A。xXK小梦文库

35.To which of the following would the author most probably agree?xXK小梦文库

[A]acceptable despite the criticism.xXK小梦文库

[B]harmful to the culture of research.xXK小梦文库

[C]subject to undesirable changes.xXK小梦文库

[D]unworthy of public attention.xXK小梦文库

答案: A 为主旨题。本题属于作者观点,出在最后一段则说明更多体现了文章的主旨,因为还有一个段落对应,则我们可以在最后一段找答案,根据题干中的award我们可以得知全文的最后一句明确体现了作者的观点,故选A。xXK小梦文库


xXK小梦文库

考研英语一相关文章:xXK小梦文库

★ 考研英语xXK小梦文库

★ 考研英语快速阅读基本方法xXK小梦文库

★ 考研英语长难句:一句句突破长难句(23)xXK小梦文库

★ 考研英语长难句:一句句突破长难句(12)xXK小梦文库

★ 考研英语长难句:一句句突破长难句(01)xXK小梦文库

★ 考研英语长难句:一句句突破长难句(21)xXK小梦文库

★ 考研英语长难句:一句句突破长难句(05)xXK小梦文库

★ 考研英语长难句:一句句突破长难句(17)xXK小梦文库

★ 考研英语长难句:一句句突破长难句(22)xXK小梦文库

★ 考研英语长难句:一句句突破长难句(07)xXK小梦文库

小梦文库欢迎你 http://wenku.520cd.com
小梦文档
领取福利
微信扫码关注

微信扫码领取福利

考研英语一阅读历年真题

微信扫码分享