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考研阅读理解英语一真题

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说到词汇量,就免不了要背单词,这也是我们每个考研人都感到头疼的地方。大多数同学都有这样的体会,单词背了忘,忘了又背,做翻译阅读时,觉得很眼熟、很亲切,但就是想不起来,下文是小编为你精心编辑整理的考研阅读理解英语一真题,希望对你有所帮助,更多内容,请点击相关栏目查看,谢谢!Y12小梦文库

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考研阅读理解英语一真题1Y12小梦文库

Text 3Y12小梦文库

The journal Science is adding an extra source at Peer-review process, editor-in-chief Marcia McNott announced today. The Follows similar efforts from other journals, after widespread concern that Mistakes in data analysis are contributing to the Published research findings.Y12小梦文库

"Readers must have confidence in the conclusions published in our journal,"writes McNutt in an editorial. Working with the American Statistical Association, the Journal has appointed seven experts to a statistics board of reviewing Manuscript will be flagged up for additional scrutiny by the Journal's editors, or by its existing Board of Reviewing Editors or by outside peer The SBoRE panel will then find external statisticians to review theseY12小梦文库

Asked whether any particular papers had impelled the change, McNutt said,"The creation of the'statistics board'was motivated by concerns broadly with the application of statistics and data analysis in scientific research and is part of Science's overall drive to increase reproducibility in the research we publish."Y12小梦文库

Giovanni Parmigiani,a biostatistician at the Harvard School of Public Health, a member of the SBoRE group, says he expects the board to "play primarily on advisory role." He agreed to join because he "found the foresight behind the establishment of the SBoRE to be novel, unique and likely to have a lasting impact. This impact will not only be through the publications in Science itself, but hopefully through a larger group of publishing places that may want to model their approach after Science."Y12小梦文库

John Ioannidis, a physician who studies research methodology, says that the policy is "a most welcome step forward"and "long overdue,""Most journals are weak in statistical review,and this damages the quality of what they publish. I think that, for the majority of scientific papers nowadays, statistical review is more essential than expert review,"he says. But he noted that biomedical journals such as Annals of Internal Medicine, the Journal of the American Medical Association and The Lancet pay strong attention to statistical review.Y12小梦文库

Professional scientists are expected to know how to analyze data, but statistical errors are alarmingly common in published research,according to David Vaux,a cell biologist. Researchers should improve their standards, he wrote in 2012,but journals should also take a tougher line,"engaging reviewers who are statistically literate and editors who can verify the process."Vaux says that Science's idea to pass some papers to statisticians "has some merit,but a weakness is that it relies on the board of reviewing editors to identify'the papers that need scrutiny'in the first place."Y12小梦文库

31. It can be learned from Paragraph I thatY12小梦文库

[A] Science intends to simplify its peer-review process.Y12小梦文库

[B]journals are strengthening their statistical checks.Y12小梦文库

[C]few journals are blamed for mistakes in data analysis.Y12小梦文库

[D]lack of data analysis is common in research projects.Y12小梦文库

32. The phrase "flagged up "(Para.2)is the closest in meaning toY12小梦文库

[A]found.Y12小梦文库

[B]revised.Y12小梦文库

[C]markedY12小梦文库

[D]storedY12小梦文库

33. Giovanni Parmigiani believes that the establishment of the SBoRE mayY12小梦文库

[A]pose a threat to all its peersY12小梦文库

[B]meet with strong oppositionY12小梦文库

[C]increase Science's circulation.Y12小梦文库

[D]set an example for other journalsY12小梦文库

34. David Vaux holds that what Science is doing nowY12小梦文库

A. adds to researchers' worklosd.Y12小梦文库

B. diminishes the role of reviewers.Y12小梦文库

C. has room for further improvement.Y12小梦文库

D. is to fail in the foreseeable future.Y12小梦文库

35. Which of the following is the best title of the text?Y12小梦文库

A. Science Joins Push to Screen Statistics in PapersY12小梦文库

B. Professional Statisticians Deserve More RespectY12小梦文库

C. Data Analysis Finds Its Way onto Editors' DesksY12小梦文库

D. Statisticians Are Coming Back with ScienceY12小梦文库

31.B journals are strengthening their statistical checksY12小梦文库

32.B markedY12小梦文库

33. D set an example for other journalsY12小梦文库

34. C has room for further improvementY12小梦文库

35.A science joins Push to screen statistics in papersY12小梦文库

考研阅读理解英语一真题2Y12小梦文库

Text 3Y12小梦文库

The US$3-million Fundamental physics prize is indeed an interesting experiment, as Alexander Polyakov said when he accepted this year’s award in March. And it is far from the only one of its type. As a News Feature article in Nature discusses, a string of lucrative awards for researchers have joined the Nobel Prizes in recent years. Many, like the Fundamental Physics Prize, are funded from the telephone-number-sized bank accounts of Internet entrepreneurs. These benefactors have succeeded in their chosen fields, they say, and they want to use their wealth to draw attention to those who have succeeded in science.Y12小梦文库

What’s not to like? Quite a lot, according to a handful of scientists quoted in the News Feature. You cannot buy class, as the old saying goes, and these upstart entrepreneurs cannot buy their prizes the prestige of the Nobels, The new awards are an exercise in self-promotion for those behind them, say scientists. They could distort the achievement-based system of peer-review-led research. They could cement the status quo of peer-reviewed research. They do not fund peer-reviewed research. They perpetuate the myth of the lone genius.Y12小梦文库

The goals of the prize-givers seem as scattered as the criticism.Some want to shock, others to draw people into science, or to better reward those who have made their careers in research.Y12小梦文库

As Nature has pointed out before, there are some legitimate concerns about how science prizes—both new and old—are distributed. The Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences, launched this year, takes an unrepresentative view of what the life sciences include.But the Nobel Foundation’s limit of three recipients per prize, each of whom must still be living, has long been outgrown by the collaborative nature of modern research—as will be demonstrated by the inevitable row over who is ignored when it comes to acknowledging the discovery of the Higgs boson. The Nobels were, of course,themselves set up by a very rich individual who had decided what he wanted to do with his own money. Time, rather than intention, has given them legitimacy.Y12小梦文库

As much as some scientists may complain about the new awards, two things seem clear. First, most researchers would accept such a prize if they were offered one. Second, it is surely a good thing that the money and attention come to science rather than go elsewhere, It is fair to criticize and question the mechanism—that is the culture of research, after all—but it is the prize-givers’ money to do with as they please. It is wise to take such gifts with gratitude and grace.Y12小梦文库

真题解析:Y12小梦文库

文章主题及背景知识:此篇阅读的主题内容为“基础物理学奖”,如果对于这一背景信息有所了解,这篇文章便可轻松看懂,做题更是十拿九稳!与2013年相比,2014考研阅读文章同样注重时效性,Text3便是反应了2013年3月份的一次实时事件:基础物理学基金会于3月20日晚在瑞士日内瓦揭晓了2013年基础物理学奖!所以2015考研的同学们一定要多多关注社会热点话题,拓展视野,丰富自己的文化背景知识,这样才能取得事半功倍的效果!Y12小梦文库

文章讲到的是关于和诺贝尔奖一样的奖金丰厚的奖项出现,这些奖项就是由一些网络的公司或者是一些新贵们他们得出这样大量的钱,当然会遭出一些批评,这些奖项还是没法和诺贝尔奖相比的,阶级是没法改变的,名望是没法购买的。当然这一系列的东西,在前三段当中谈到之后,到了最后一段,作者表明他的观点,纵然这些对科学家的奖励在奖项上存在着一些瑕疵,存在着一些不合理的地方。但是对于科学家来说,有人给你钱支持你的研究,终归是好的。也就是说从31到35题基本上没有难题,也没有可以去争议的,也是既所得的文章。Y12小梦文库

31.The Fundamental Physical Prize is seen asY12小梦文库

[A]a symbol of the entrepreneurs’s wealth.Y12小梦文库

[B]a possible replacement of the Nobel Prize.Y12小梦文库

[C]an example of bankers’ investment.Y12小梦文库

[D]a handsome reward for researchers.Y12小梦文库

答案:A为细节题。根据题干中的Fundamental Physics Prize可以定位到第一段,但除此之外就没有其他细节提示信息了,所以我们只能根据几个选项去定位,分别根据选项中的entrepreneurs、Nobel Prize、investment、reward去定位,在第一段末句找到了与A选项相一致的句子,则判定A选项正确。Y12小梦文库

32.The phrase “to sign on”(Line 3,Para.2) most probably meansY12小梦文库

[A]the profit-oriented scientists.Y12小梦文库

[B]the founders of the new award.Y12小梦文库

[C]the achievement-based system.Y12小梦文库

[D]peer-review-led research.Y12小梦文库

答案:B 为细节题。根据题干中的critics定位到第三段,可知第二段没有出题,从第三段第二句可以得出本道题的正确选项,who have made their careers in research即为B选项中的The founders。Y12小梦文库

33.What promoted the chancellor to develop his scheme?Y12小梦文库

[A]controversies over the recipients’ status.Y12小梦文库

[B]the joint effort of modern researchers.Y12小梦文库

[C]legitimate concerns over the new prize.Y12小梦文库

[D]the demonstration of research findings.Y12小梦文库

答案: D 为细节题。本道题如果从题干中看更像是例证题,但题目中说道the case involves即问例子本身,所以为一道细节题。我们在第四段倒数第三句中找到了Higgs boson,定位到本句可以得知nature of modern research---as well as demonstrated by……即为本道题正确答案。Y12小梦文库

34.According to Paragraph 3, being unemployed makes one one feelY12小梦文库

[A]Their endurance has done justice to them.Y12小梦文库

[B]Their legitimacy has long been in dispute.Y12小梦文库

[C]They are the most representative honor.Y12小梦文库

[D]History has never cast doubt on them.Y12小梦文库

答案: A 为判断题。此类题型是考试中的一个难点,在题干中提示信息非常少,所以我们需要根据每个选项分别定位。A选项的durance定位到本段最后一句time。B选项根据legitimacy定位到第一句。C选项没有提到。D选项从最后一段可以验证确实是收到了质疑,B选项和原文不符,可以得知答案为A。Y12小梦文库

35.To which of the following would the author most probably agree?Y12小梦文库

[A]acceptable despite the criticism.Y12小梦文库

[B]harmful to the culture of research.Y12小梦文库

[C]subject to undesirable changes.Y12小梦文库

[D]unworthy of public attention.Y12小梦文库

答案: A 为主旨题。本题属于作者观点,出在最后一段则说明更多体现了文章的主旨,因为还有一个段落对应,则我们可以在最后一段找答案,根据题干中的award我们可以得知全文的最后一句明确体现了作者的观点,故选A。Y12小梦文库

考研阅读理解英语一真题3Y12小梦文库

Text 3Y12小梦文库

Now utopia has grown unfashionable, as we have gained a deeper appreciation of the range of threats facing us, from asteroid strike to pandemic flu to climate change. You might even be tempted to assume that humanity has little future to look forward to.Y12小梦文库

But such gloominess is misplaced. The fossil record shows that many species have endured for millions of years - so why shouldn't we? Take a broader look at our species' place in the universe, and it becomes clear that we have an excellent chance of surviving for tens, if not hundreds, of thousands of years (see "100,000 AD: Living in the deep future"). Look up Homo sapiens in the IUCN's "Red List" of threatened species, and you will read: "Listed as Least Concern as the species is very widely distributed, adaptable, currently increasing, and there are no major threats resulting in an overall population decline."Y12小梦文库

So what does our deep future hold? A growing number of researchers and organisations are now thinking seriously about that question. For example, the Long Now Foundation, based in San Francisco, has created a forum where thinkers and scientists are invited to project the implications of their ideas over very long timescales. Its flagship project is a mechanical clock, buried deep inside a mountain in Texas, that is designed to still be marking time thousands of years hence.Y12小梦文库

Then there are scientists who are giving serious consideration to the idea that we should recognise a new geological era: the Anthropocene. They, too, are pulling the camera right back and asking what humanity's impact will be on the planet - in the context of stratigraphic time.Y12小梦文库

Perhaps perversely, it may be easier to think about such lengthy timescales than about the more immediate future. The potential evolution of today's technology, and its social consequences, is dazzlingly complicated, and it's perhaps best left to science-fiction writers and futurologists to explore the many possibilities we can envisage. That's one reason why we have launched Arc, a new publication dedicated to the near future.Y12小梦文库

But take a longer view and there is a surprising amount that we can say with considerable assurance. As so often, the past holds the key to the future: we have now identified enough of the long-term patterns shaping the history of the planet, and our species, to make evidence-based forecasts about the situations in which our descendants will find themselves.Y12小梦文库

This long perspective makes the pessimistic view of our prospects seem more likely to be a passing fad. To be sure, the future is not all rosy: while our species may flourish, a great many individuals may not. But we are now knowledgeable enough to mitigate many of the risks that threatened the existence of earlier humans, and to improve the lot of those to come. Thinking about our place in deep time is a good way to focus on the challenges that confront us today, and to make a future worth living in.Y12小梦文库

31. Our vision of the future used to be inspired byY12小梦文库

[A] our desire for ares of fulfillmentY12小梦文库

[B] our faith in science and techedY12小梦文库

[C] our awareness of potential risksY12小梦文库

[D] our bdief in equal opportunityY12小梦文库

32. The IUCN“Rod List”suggest that human beings onY12小梦文库

[A] a sustained speciesY12小梦文库

[B] the word’s deminant powerY12小梦文库

[C] a threat to the environmentY12小梦文库

[D] a misplaced raceY12小梦文库

33. Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 5?Y12小梦文库

[A] Arc helps limit the scope of futurological studies.Y12小梦文库

[B] Technology offers solutions to social problem.Y12小梦文库

[C] The interest in science fiction is on the rise.Y12小梦文库

[D] Our Immediate future is hard to conceive.Y12小梦文库

34. To ensure the future of mankind, it is crucial toY12小梦文库

[A] explore our planet’s abundant resources.Y12小梦文库

[B] adopt an optimistic view of the world.Y12小梦文库

[C] draw on our experience from the past.Y12小梦文库

[D] curb our ambition to reshape history.Y12小梦文库

35. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?Y12小梦文库

[A] Uncertainty about Our FutureY12小梦文库

[B] Evolution of the Human SpeciesY12小梦文库

[C] The Ever-bright Prospects of Mankind.Y12小梦文库

[D] Science, Technology and Humanity.Y12小梦文库

考研阅读理解英语一真题4Y12小梦文库

Text 3Y12小梦文库

The rough guide to marketing success used to be that you got what you paid for. No longer. While traditional “paid” media – such as television commercials and print advertisements – still play a major role, companies today can exploit many alternative forms of media. Consumers passionate about a product may create “owned” media by sending e-mail alerts about products and sales to customers registered with its Web site. The way consumers now approach the broad range of factors beyond conventional paid media.Y12小梦文库

Paid and owned media are controlled by marketers promoting their own products. For earned media , such marketers act as the initiator for users‘ responses. But in some cases, one marketer’s owned media become another marketer‘s paid media – for instance, when an e-commerce retailer sells ad space on its Web site. We define such sold media as owned media whose traffic is so strong that other organizations place their content or e-commerce engines within that environment. This trend ,which we believe is still in its infancy, effectively began with retailers and travel providers such as airlines and hotels and will no doubt go further. Johnson & Johnson, for example, has created BabyCenter, a stand-alone media property that promotes complementary and even competitive products. Besides generating income, the presence of other marketers makes the site seem objective, gives companies opportunities to learn valuable information about the appeal of other companies’ marketing, and may help expand user traffic for all companies concerned.Y12小梦文库

The same dramatic technological changes that have provided marketers with more (and more diverse) communications choices have also increased the risk that passionate consumers will voice their opinions in quicker, more visible, and much more damaging ways. Such hijacked media are the opposite of earned media: an asset or campaign becomes hostage to consumers, other stakeholders, or activists who make negative allegations about a brand or product. Members of social networks, for instance, are learning that they can hijack media to apply pressure on the businesses that originally created them.Y12小梦文库

If that happens, passionate consumers would try to persuade others to boycott products, putting the reputation of the target company at risk. In such a case, the company‘s response may not be sufficiently quick or thoughtful, and the learning curve has been steep. Toyota Motor, for example, alleviated some of the damage from its recall crisis earlier this year with a relatively quick and well-orchestrated social-media response campaign, which included efforts to engage with consumers directly on sites such as Twitter and the social-news site Digg.Y12小梦文库

31.Consumers may create “earned” media when they areY12小梦文库

[A] obscssed with online shopping at certain Web sites.Y12小梦文库

[B] inspired by product-promoting e-mails sent to them.Y12小梦文库

[C] eager to help their friends promote quality products.Y12小梦文库

[D] enthusiastic about recommending their favorite products.Y12小梦文库

32. According to Paragraph 2,sold media featureY12小梦文库

[A] a safe business environment.Y12小梦文库

[B] random competition.Y12小梦文库

[C] strong user traffic.Y12小梦文库

[D] flexibility in organization.Y12小梦文库

33. The author indicates in Paragraph 3 that earned mediaY12小梦文库

[A] invite constant conflicts with passionate consumers.Y12小梦文库

[B] can be used to produce negative effects in marketing.Y12小梦文库

[C] may be responsible for fiercer competition.Y12小梦文库

[D] deserve all the negative comments about them.Y12小梦文库

34. Toyota Motor‘s experience is cited as an example ofY12小梦文库

[A] responding effectively to hijacked media.Y12小梦文库

[B] persuading customers into boycotting products.Y12小梦文库

[C] cooperating with supportive consumers.Y12小梦文库

[D] taking advantage of hijacked media.Y12小梦文库

35. Which of the following is the text mainly about ?Y12小梦文库

[A] Alternatives to conventional paid media.Y12小梦文库

[B] Conflict between hijacked and earned media.Y12小梦文库

[C] Dominance of hijacked media.Y12小梦文库

[D] Popularity of owned media.Y12小梦文库


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