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新概念英语第一册语法知识点:宾语从句

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学习英语并不难啊。你还在为英语成绩低拖后腿而烦恼吗?今天小编给大家带来了新概念英语第一册语法解析:一般过去时,希望能够帮助到大家,下面小编就和大家分享,来欣赏一下吧。HrH小梦文库

新概念英语第一册语法知识点:宾语从句HrH小梦文库

宾语从句HrH小梦文库

一、重要语法:宾语从句HrH小梦文库

1、宾语从句HrH小梦文库

本课侧重的是由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句的用法,主要的疑问词有if/whether/how/why/what/when/where等。如:HrH小梦文库

I don't know when I'll finish.HrH小梦文库

My wife wants to know if Mary needs any help.   I don't know what you'reHrH小梦文库

talking about.HrH小梦文库

二、课文主要语言点HrH小梦文库

Is that you, John? Yes, speaking. 注意打电话时的习惯用语。如果电话接通后,要找某人接电话,一般可以说:May IHrH小梦文库

speak to sb.? 也可以像课文里这样直接询问对方是否就是你要找的人:Is that you, sb.?HrH小梦文库

如果接电话的人正是对方要找的人,则可回答:This is sb.HrH小梦文库

speaking.或者简单回答:Speaking。原文中的speaking就是简短回答,其完整形式为:This is John speaking.HrH小梦文库

Tell Mary we'll be late for dinner this evening. 1)tell sb.HrH小梦文库

sth.,tell为双宾动词,可以改为:tell sth. to sb.。但是,当直接引语为句子时,只能用tell sb. sth.(从句)的结构 2)beHrH小梦文库

late for,迟到。HrH小梦文库

I'm afraid I don't understand. I'mHrH小梦文库

afraid后接宾语从句,省略了连接词that。这是形容词后接宾语从句的用法,that一般都会省略。如:I'm sure he will come hereHrH小梦文库

on time tomorrow. 需要注意的是,当I'mHrH小梦文库

afraid要翻译成中文时,不要译为“我恐怕”,而要译为“恐怕”,这样比较符合中文的表达习惯。HrH小梦文库

Hasn't Mary told you? She invited CharlotteHrH小梦文库

and me to dinner this evening.HrH小梦文库

1)Hasn't...?,反问句,一般不需要回答。 2)invite sb. toHrH小梦文库

sth.,邀请某人到某场合(如吃饭或聚会)。需要注意的是,如果邀请后面接的是动作,则采用:invite sb. to doHrH小梦文库

sth.。可拓展invite的名词invitation。HrH小梦文库

I said I would be at your house at six o'clock,HrH小梦文库

but the boss wants me to do some extra work.HrH小梦文库

1)I said I would...,可复习一下间接引语的用法。 2)be at,到达,相当于arrive at。 3)do extraHrH小梦文库

work,加班。HrH小梦文库

I'll have to stay at the office.HrH小梦文库

I don't know when I'll finish.HrH小梦文库

1)will have to,必须。 2)when引导的是宾语从句,注意从句的语序要采用陈述句语序。HrH小梦文库

Oh, and by the way, my wife wants to knowHrH小梦文库

if Mary needs any help.HrH小梦文库

1)by the way,顺便说一声。HrH小梦文库

2)if引导的是宾语从句。与其他疑问词不一样的是,当if或whether用来连接宾语从句时,其直接引语原句是一般疑问句,而不是特殊疑问句。比如,课文里的这句话的直接引语应该是:DoesHrH小梦文库

Mary need any help? 3)need在此用作实义动词,直接后接名词。可以复习一下need作为情态动词和实义动词的用法及其区别。HrH小梦文库

I don't know what you're talking about. what引导的是宾语从句,在从句中充当about的宾语。HrH小梦文库

That is John Smith, isn't it? Yes, I'm John Smith. 注意打电话时,指代对方时多用thatHrH小梦文库

is来指代you are。HrH小梦文库

You are John Smith, the engineer, aren't you?HrH小梦文库

That's right.HrH小梦文库

注意the engineer用作John Smith的同位语,而且用逗号隔开,起到强调作用,强调的是身为工程师的那个John Smith。HrH小梦文库

You work for the Overseas Engineering Company, don't you? No, I don't.HrH小梦文库

1)work for,在哪儿工作、为谁工作。 2)overseas,海外。注意别漏了s。HrH小梦文库

I'm John Smith the telephone engineerHrH小梦文库

and I'm repairing your telephone line.HrH小梦文库

the telephone engineer用作John Smith的同位语。用逗号隔开,朗读时重读,以起到强调作用。HrH小梦文库

新概念英语第一册语法知识点:主语从句的用法HrH小梦文库

主语从句的用法HrH小梦文库

一、定义HrH小梦文库

在句子中担当主语的从句,就叫主语从句。通常放在主句谓语动词之前,或由形式主语it代替、而本身放在句子末尾。HrH小梦文库

二、连接词HrH小梦文库

根据主语从句所缺句子成分的情况,主语从句会由不同的连接词连接,常见的连接词有:that、if/whether、连接代词、连接副词和what。HrH小梦文库

三、that引导的主语从句HrH小梦文库

(一)HrH小梦文库

当主语从句本身不缺成分时,就会使用that来连接。此时,that只起连接作用,但不能省略。如:HrH小梦文库

That he will come to our village tomorrow surprises us all.HrH小梦文库

(他要来我们村,让我们都感到很惊讶。)HrH小梦文库

That she used to be a spy is known to all. (大家都知道,她过去是个间谍。)HrH小梦文库

这种情况下,因为主语从句往往比谓语部分更长,会导致整个句子头重脚轻,所以经常会用it作为形式主语来替换主语从句,而把主语从句放到句末。此时,that也只起连接作用,但可以省略。比如,以上两个句子就存在这个问题,所以一般都会改为:HrH小梦文库

It surprises us all (that) he will come to our village tomorrow.HrH小梦文库

It is known to all (that) she used to be a spy.   (二)HrH小梦文库

如果句子是疑问句,则必须用带形式主语it的结构。如:HrH小梦文库

That she is our English teacher is true. (她是我们的英语老师,是真的。)HrH小梦文库

That he has been there twice is a fact. (他去过那儿两次了,是真的。)HrH小梦文库

这两句话如果改为一般疑问句时,不能这么改:HrH小梦文库

错误:Is that she is your English teacher true?HrH小梦文库

错误:Is that he has been there twice a fact?HrH小梦文库

而是要改为含有形式主语it的句子:HrH小梦文库

Is it true that she is your English teacher?HrH小梦文库

Is it a fact that he has been there twice?HrH小梦文库

(三)HrH小梦文库

在形式主语it引导的主语从句结构“ItHrH小梦文库

is+形容词/名词/名词短语等+that主语从句”中,如果is后面的表语是表示重要或必要等(如important、necessary、aHrH小梦文库

necessity等)含义时,that从句中的谓语动词一般要采用“should+do”的虚拟语气形式,should经常省略。如:HrH小梦文库

It is imperative that we (should) make a quick decision. (我们要尽快做出决定。)HrH小梦文库

It is necessary that we (should) learn English well. (我们必须学好英语。)HrH小梦文库

四、if/whether引导的主语从句HrH小梦文库

当主语从句本身含有是否的意思时,连接词必须用if或whether。但是,如果主语从句位于句首时,只能用whether,不能用if。如:HrH小梦文库

Whether it will do good to us remains to be seen. (是否对我们有害还要看一看。)HrH小梦文库

这种情况下,因为主语从句也比较长,会导致头重脚轻的情况,所以也经常用形式主语it来代替,而把主语从句放到句末去。此时,连接词除了用whether外,也可以用if。如上面的句子就可以改为:HrH小梦文库

It remains to be seen if/whether it will do good to us.HrH小梦文库

再比如:HrH小梦文库

Whether the band would visit our city was still a mystery.HrH小梦文库

(这个乐队是否会来我们城市仍然是个谜。)HrH小梦文库

上面的句子可以改为:HrH小梦文库

It was still a mystery if/whether the band would visity our city.HrH小梦文库

五、连接代词引导的主语从句HrH小梦文库

常用来连接主语从句的连接代词有:who、whom、whose、which、whoever、whomever、whichever等。这些连接代词在从句中有的作主语,有的作宾语,有的作定语。如:HrH小梦文库

作主语:Who won the game hasn't been announced yet. (谁赢得了比赛,还没宣布。)HrH小梦文库

作宾语:Whom you talked to just now will be confirmed later.HrH小梦文库

(你刚才跟谁说话了,之后会证实的。)HrH小梦文库

作定语:Whichever nation explodes an atomic bomb will engage the whole world inHrH小梦文库

war. (无论哪个国家使用.会使全世界卷入战争。)HrH小梦文库

为了避免头重脚轻,这种情况下的主语从句也经常用形式主语it来代替,而把主语从句放到句末。但是,连接代词始终都不能省略。如上面的两句话可以改为:HrH小梦文库

It hasn't been announced yet who won the game.HrH小梦文库

It will be confirmed later whom you talked to just now.HrH小梦文库

It will engage the whole world in war whichever nation explodes an atomicHrH小梦文库

bomb.HrH小梦文库

六、连接副词引导的主语从句HrH小梦文库

能够用来连接主语从句的连接副词主要有:when、where、why、how等。这些连接副词在主语从句中作状语。如:HrH小梦文库

When they will arrive at the station doesn't matter. (他们何时到站没有什么关系。)HrH小梦文库

How the accident happended is still unknown. (这场事故是怎么发生的,还不清楚。)HrH小梦文库

Why he was absent from the meeting remains a mystery.HrH小梦文库

(他为什么没有参加会议仍然是个谜。)HrH小梦文库

Where I will spend my summer is none of your business. (我在哪里过暑假不关你的事。)HrH小梦文库

为了避免头重脚轻,上面的句子可以改为:HrH小梦文库

It doesn't matter when they will arrive at the station.HrH小梦文库

It is still unknown how the accident happended.HrH小梦文库

It remains a mystery why he was absent from the meeting.HrH小梦文库

It is none of your business where I will spend my summer.HrH小梦文库

七、what引导的主语从句HrH小梦文库

与that不同的是,what除了可以引导主语从句起连接作用外,还同时在从句中充当主语或宾语。如:HrH小梦文库

作主语:What really matters is that she needs a shower at once.HrH小梦文库

(真正重要的是,她得马上冲个澡。)HrH小梦文库

作宾语:What I am worried about is their taking my son to France.HrH小梦文库

(我担心的是他们要把我儿子带到法国去。)HrH小梦文库

有的时候,whatever也可以用来连接主语从句。如:HrH小梦文库

Whatever you do makes no difference to me. (你做什么对我来说都没区别。)HrH小梦文库

需要注意的是,当what或whatever引导主语从句时,一般不能改为由形式主语it来引导的句子。HrH小梦文库

新概念英语第一册语法知识点:give短语HrH小梦文库

give inHrH小梦文库

该短语表示“屈服;投降;让步;呈交”。如:HrH小梦文库

I won't give in in any instance. ( 在任何情况下我都不会屈服。)HrH小梦文库

The enemy were forced to give in. (敌人被 迫投降。)HrH小梦文库

He told me plump that he would not give in. (他直截了当告诉我,他决不让步。)HrH小梦文库

Give in your examination papers now. (现在把考卷交上来。)HrH小梦文库

【注意】HrH小梦文库

give in后面会再接介词to,表示“屈服于”。如:HrH小梦文库

Give in your examination papers now. (现在把考卷交上来。)HrH小梦文库

The employer is obliged to give in to his employee. (雇主被 迫向他的雇员们让步。)HrH小梦文库

give awayHrH小梦文库

该短语表示“赠送;背叛”。如:HrH小梦文库

He decide to give away everything he possessed and become a monk.HrH小梦文库

(他决定放弃他所有的一切,出家为僧。)HrH小梦文库

He gave away his books to a circulating library. (他把自己的书籍损赠给一家循环图书馆。)HrH小梦文库

She gave away state secrets to the enemy. (她将国家机密泄露给敌人了。)HrH小梦文库

He was given away by one of his accomplices. (他被他的一个同谋者出卖了。)HrH小梦文库

give upHrH小梦文库

该短语表示“放弃;戒除;交出”。如:HrH小梦文库

She won't give up easily: she's a real fighter. (她不会轻易放弃的,她十分顽强。)HrH小梦文库

He will give up smoking for good and all. (他再也不吸烟了。)HrH小梦文库

He had to give his passport up to the authorities. (他得把护照交给.)HrH小梦文库

【注意】HrH小梦文库

give oneself up to sb.,表示“向某人投降”。如:HrH小梦文库

Three of our officers gave themselves up to the enemy. (我方的三名军官向敌人投降了。)HrH小梦文库

give backHrH小梦文库

该短语表示“归还;恢复”。如:HrH小梦文库

I must give back the two books to the library before Friday.HrH小梦文库

(星期五之前我必须把这两本书归还图书馆。)HrH小梦文库

Living here has given back my health. (在这里居住使我恢复了健康。)HrH小梦文库

更多常用的give短语HrH小梦文库

(一)give off/give outHrH小梦文库

这两个短语都表示“发出;散发”,两者经常可以互换,但如果非要加以区分,give off多指发出可见的东西,如光或烟雾等,而giveHrH小梦文库

out多指发出不可见的东西,如气味或热量等。如:HrH小梦文库

When wine is fermented it gives off bubbles of gas. (酒发酵时会放出气泡。)HrH小梦文库

The radiator is giving out a lot of heat. (散热器释放出很多热量。)HrH小梦文库

【注意】HrH小梦文库

give out也可以表示“公布”。如:HrH小梦文库

The news of the President's death was given out in a radio broadcast.HrH小梦文库

(总统逝世的消息已在电台上播出了。)HrH小梦文库

(二)give rise toHrH小梦文库

该短语表示“导致;引起”,to是个介词。如:HrH小梦文库

Her disappearance gave rise to the wildest rumours. (她失踪一事引起了各种流言蜚语。HrH小梦文库

Many of these obligations can give rise to problems and complications.HrH小梦文库

(许多这样的义务会引起各种问题和纠纷。)HrH小梦文库

(三)give birth toHrH小梦文库

该短语表示“生孩子;引起”,to是个介词。如:HrH小梦文库

The ewe gave birth to only one lamb. (这母羊只产了一个羊羔。)HrH小梦文库

The traffic accident gave birth to a chain of events. (交通事故引起了一连串的事件。)HrH小梦文库

新概念英语第一册语法知识点:put短语HrH小梦文库

put up 该短语较为常用的意思是“搭建;张贴”。如:HrH小梦文库

搭建:They are putting up several new buildings in that block.HrH小梦文库

(他们正在那一街区建几幢楼房。)HrH小梦文库

张贴:The names of the successful candidates will be put up on the CollegeHrH小梦文库

notice board. (录取名单将公布在学院布告栏里。)HrH小梦文库

【注意】HrH小梦文库

当put up后面跟的宾语表人时,往往表示“给某人提供住宿”。注意当宾语是代词时,要放在put和up中间。如:HrH小梦文库

We can put you up for the night. (我们可以招待你过夜。)HrH小梦文库

put out 该短语表示“扑灭;发表”。如:HrH小梦文库

扑灭:Far water does not put out near fire. (远水救不了近火。)HrH小梦文库

发表:The government put out a warning against flood. (政府发出了预防水灾的警告。)HrH小梦文库

put on 该短语主要表示“穿上;戴上”。如:HrH小梦文库

The man put on his smock and went out. (那人穿上罩衫,然后走了出去。)HrH小梦文库

【注意】HrH小梦文库

put on常和air连用,构成短语put on air,表示“装腔作势;摆架子”,也可用作put on airs。如:HrH小梦文库

He can't stand for those who put on airs. (他不能容忍摆架子的人。)HrH小梦文库

put up with 该短语表示“容忍”,相当于stand或bear。如:HrH小梦文库

I have no mind to put up with any nonsense. (我不想容忍任何胡言乱语。)HrH小梦文库

put down 该短语表示“镇 压;写下”。如:HrH小梦文库

镇 压:The military were called out to put down the riot. (军队奉召出动去镇 压暴 动。)HrH小梦文库

写下:Make sure that you put down every word she says. (切实要记下她说的每一个字。)HrH小梦文库

put off 该短语主要表示“推迟”。如:HrH小梦文库

Never put off till tomorrow what you can do today. (今日事今日毕。)HrH小梦文库

put away 该短语主要表示“放好”。如:HrH小梦文库

This vase wasn't wiped out properly before it was put away.HrH小梦文库

(这个花瓶没擦干净就收起来了。)HrH小梦文库

更多相关短语HrH小梦文库

(一)put forwardHrH小梦文库

该短语主要表示“提出”,后面常跟建议、计划等。如:HrH小梦文库

These foreigners have put forward a proposal for a joint venture.HrH小梦文库

这些外国人提出了一个合资企业的建议。HrH小梦文库

(二)put throughHrH小梦文库

该短语主要表示“接通(电话)”,其宾语常为电话或人,而且基本都放在put和through中间。如:HrH小梦文库

I will put the call through for you now. (我马上为您接通电话。)HrH小梦文库

(三)put inHrH小梦文库

该短语主要表示“插入”。如:HrH小梦文库

He put the key in the lock and turned it. (他把钥匙插入锁里转动。)HrH小梦文库

新概念英语第一册语法知识点:make短语HrH小梦文库

be made inHrH小梦文库

该短语表示“在某地制造”,介词in后面接的是地点名词。如:HrH小梦文库

The clavichord was made in Germany.HrH小梦文库

本句话的意思是:这架古钢琴产自德国。HrH小梦文库

生活中我们经常会说到的Made in China(中国制造),其实就是这个短语用法。原本Made inHrH小梦文库

China给人的感觉就是低廉低质的产品,但随着这些年中国制造行业的不断发展,相信Made in China的内涵已经开始发生根本变化了!HrH小梦文库

be made ofHrH小梦文库

该短语表示“由...组成”,介词of后面接的是组成成分。需要注意的是,of后面大多接的是构成某物的原料,而且这种原料在做成成品之后是可见的,只是经过了物理变化处理的结果。如:HrH小梦文库

The tea pot is made of silver.HrH小梦文库

本句话的意思是:这个茶壶是银制的。也就是说,银是这个茶壶制作的原料,而且做成茶壶后,其原料银是可见的。HrH小梦文库

be made fromHrH小梦文库

该短语也表示“由...组成”,介词from后面接的也是组成成分。需要注意的是,与be madeHrH小梦文库

of不同,from后面接的原料,在做成成品之后往往是不可见的,是经过了化学变化的处理的结果。如:HrH小梦文库

Glass is made from sand and lime.HrH小梦文库

本句话的意思是:玻璃是由沙和石灰制成的。也就是说,沙和石灰是玻璃制作的原料,但是做成玻璃后,其原料沙和石灰都不可见了。HrH小梦文库

be made byHrH小梦文库

该短语表示“由谁制造”,介词by后面接的是某人。如:HrH小梦文库

This cake was made by my sister.HrH小梦文库

本句话的意思是:这个蛋糕是我姐姐做的。HrH小梦文库

be made up ofHrH小梦文库

这个短语没有在教材中提及,但因为较为常用,所以也在此一并梳理。该短语表示“由...组成”,但与be made of和be madeHrH小梦文库

from不同的是,介词of后面接的是事物的组成部分,而不是原料。如:HrH小梦文库

The group was made up of doctors.HrH小梦文库

本句话的意思是:这个团体是由医生组成的。该句中医生是这个团队的成员,而不是成分或原料。HrH小梦文库

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