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CATTI真经 | 二级笔译解题技技技技技巧点拨
01
二级笔译综合考试真题大纲概述
考试目的
检验应试者对英语词汇、语法的掌握程度，以及阅读理解、推理与释义的能力。
考试基本要求
1.二级笔译要求学生掌握8000个以上英语词汇。
2.掌握并能够正确运用双语语法。
3.具备对各种文体英语文章的阅读理解能力。
4. 了解中国和英语国家的文化背景知识。
考试题型
二级《笔译综合能力》考试时间共计120分钟，试卷满分100分。
题型与分数分布如下：
第一部分是词汇和语法，共60道选择题，每题1分，共60分;时间25分钟。
此部分分为三节：
第一节：词汇选择，共20道选择题，每题1分，共20分;
第二节：词汇替换，共20道选择题，每题1分，共20分;
第三节：改错，共20道选择题，每题1分，共20分;
第二部分是阅读理解，共30道选择题，每题1分，共30分;时间70分钟。
第三部分是完形填空，共20个空，每个空0.5分，共10分;时间25分钟。
02
二级笔译综合考试特征分析及解题步骤与技巧
Section 1: Vocabulary and Grammar
题型分析
“Vocabulary and Grammar”部分旨在考查考生词汇与语法综合运用能力。共60道题，每题1分，共60分。
该部分题型包括“词汇选择”、“词汇替换”与“改错”三类。每类各20题。
考查重点
“词汇选择”和“词汇替换”重点考查词汇能力，“改错重点考查语法能力。
Part I Vocabulary Selection
题型分析
根据国家外文局所发布的《全国翻译专业资格(水平)考试英语笔译二级考试大纲(试行)》，英语笔译二级考试的笔译综合能力测试在词汇方面，要求考生掌握 8000 个以上英语词汇，与之相对应的考核即Part 1 Vocabulary Selection，考核应试者对英语词汇、语法的掌握程度。
本部分共20题，每题1分，共20分，占总分的20%。题型为单项选择题，每题的备选项中只有1个选项最符合题意。
测试重点
本部分的测试重点为词汇量以及词汇掌握程度，即对备选词汇的语义理解与语用搭配的掌握程度。只涉及基本语法，并非对语法知识的专门考察。因此本部分以对动词、名词、形容词等实词的语义、语用考察为主，近五年的真题中没有出现对虚词的专门考察。
以下题为例
The surgeons often wear loupes mounted on eye glasses to ____ their work, which limits their field of vision to a few inches.
A. track
B. capture
C. magnify
D. strengthen
【解析】在本题中，四个选项的动词不定式均能与work构成合乎语法、并且在逻辑上也说得过去的搭配，解题的关键在于考生是否认识“loupes(小型放大镜)”这个单词。可见词汇量是本部分的基础。
再以下题为例
The new accessibility of land around almost every major city ________ an explosion of real estate development and fueled what we know as urbanization.
A. incited
B. followed
C. claimed
D. sparked
【解析】本题所涉及的语法知识只有两点：1、划线部分为句子谓语动词部分;2、选项为动词过去时(而非分词或形容词)。可见涉及的语法知识都比较基础，重点在于对于近形、近义词的语义辨析和语用搭配知识。
解题步骤
首先，确定句子整体架构、明确划线部分在句子中的成分。一般来说，本部分的题目重在词义辨析，因此备选项的词性相同;但同一词在不同的句子成分中语义不同，因此确定划线部分的成分是第一步。其次，需要理清上下文的逻辑语义关系。不同于传统的语法题目，本部分强调对词汇的使用知识(即语用方面)的掌握;大部分题目的选项从语法上看可能都是正确的，需要依据题干上下文的逻辑语义关系进行判断。最后，根据选项的语义或语用进行选择。这里常常需要注意近义词的语用辨析。
我们同样以上题为例
首先，由句子结构可知划线部分为谓语动词部分。主语“The new accessibility”与“an explosion of real estate development”之间缺少了谓语动词。
其次判断逻辑关系。“可获得的新土地”与“房地产之间的爆炸式增长”之间，存在因果、致使的关系(由此可知A选项和D选项是符合语义逻辑的)。
最后进行辨析。例如在上题中，“incited”和“sparked”都有“引发”的意思，但incited有“煽动”之意，不符合本题的语用习惯，因此sparked更符合题意。
解题技巧
词汇量是本部分的解题基础。相当一部分的题目考察考生是否掌握所考词汇的语义，即是否识记、了解四个选项词汇的语义。其次，理解题意、理清题干结构就能提高解题效率。选项所充当的句子成分以及其在句子的逻辑语义结构中的地位，对于解题来说至关重要。最后，词汇的语用习惯也是本部分重点考察的方面。因此考生在进行有针对性的准备时，不仅要牢记词汇语义，更要注意词汇的语用环境与使用习惯。
因此，本部分的真题解析，重点对题目的语义逻辑、词汇的语用习惯、语义辨析进行了例证和解释，以期考生能迅速掌握不熟悉词汇的语义和用法，达到举一反三的效果。
词汇量是本部分的解题基础。相当一部分的题目考察考生是否掌握所考词汇的语义，即是否识记、了解四个选项词汇的语义。其次，理解题意、理清题干结构就能提高解题效率。选项所充当的句子成分以及其在句子的逻辑语义结构中的地位，对于解题来说至关重要。最后，词汇的语用习惯也是本部分重点考察的方面。因此考生在进行有针对性的准备时，不仅要牢记词汇语义，更要注意词汇的语用环境与使用习惯。
因此，本部分的真题解析，重点对题目的语义逻辑、词汇的语用习惯、语义辨析进行了例证和解释，以期考生能迅速掌握不熟悉词汇的语义和用法，达到举一反三的效果。
catti二级笔译英译汉真题
English-ChineseTranslation
Translate the following two passages into Chinese.
Passage 1
New drone footage gives a glimpse of the damage that parts of Hawaii's Big Island sustained in the wake of volcanic explosions in recent days.
Smoke can be seen billowing off the lava as it creeps down roads and through wooded areas toward homes.
Fires are visible with terrifying streams of brightness breaking through the surrounding areas of black.
After a day of relative calm, Kilauea roared back in full force on Sunday, spewing lava 3,00 feet in the air, encroaching on a half mile of new ground and bringing the total number of destroyed structures to 35.
There have been 1,800 residents evacuated from their homes in the Leilani Estates and Lanipuna Gardens neighborhoods where cracks have been opening and spilling lava.
In evacuated areas with relatively low sulfur dioxide levels, residents were allowed to return home for a few hours to collect belongings on Sunday and Monday. Officials said those residents -- a little more than half of the evacuees -- were allowed to return briefly, and Magno said they would continue to allow residents in if it could be done safely.
"Things got pretty active [Saturday morning]," an official said at a Saturday press conference. "The eight volcanoes were pretty active, to the point where lava was spewing and the flow started spreading so we got additional damage out there. I'm not sure what the count is, but we thought it was just continue to go. Fortunately, seismicity has laid down and the vents have gone quiet now." By LearnAndRecord
But officials had cautioned that while the lava flow was quiet, it wouldn't be for long. "More volcanoes could open up, the existing ones could get active again. There's a lot of lava or magma under the ground so eventually it's going to come up."
The island was also rocked by a 6.9-magnitude earthquake on Friday, which caused landslides near the coast, but minimal structural damage. The United States Geological Survey (USGS) said Sunday the island had experienced more than 500 earthquakes -- 13 with a magnitude greater than 4.0 -- in the 24 hours following the 6.9-magnitude quake.
The concern for residents continues to be the lava and gas emitted from vents, though. "This is lava, that is definitely destroying people's homes -- we don't have an exact count -- but it is a devastating situation and it's going to be everyday that it goes on," Hawaii County Managing Director Wil Okabe said Saturday. "Mother nature, there's no way we could've predicted this."
注：原文节选自「ABC NEWS」：Lava flow intensifies in Hawaii eruptions, spews 200 feet in air (May 8, 2018)及 Drone footage gives terrifying glimpse of Hawaiian volcano damage(May 7, 2018)，
Passage 2
Just as in America, in Britain too, the story told by official statistics does not always match people's experience. That is especially true in places like Newcastle, a former shipbuilding city, which lost out to competition from Asia in the 1970s and has seen living standards stagnate ever since. The U.S. economy, we are told, is booming. In the past two quarters, gross domestic product has risen by more than 3%, the stock market is soaring and unemployment is down to a 17-year low of 4.1%. Many people, though, don't feel that upside.
The perception gap is huge. Unemployment, more broadly measured, is higher than the headline number suggests because many people have simply given up looking for work or are working in part-time jobs when they want a full-time job. One of the prime faults of GDP is that it deals in averages and aggregates. Aggregates hide the nuances of inequality. And averages don't tell us very much at all.
Barring a few recessions, the U.S. economy has been on a near relentless upward path since the 1950s. Yet according to a Pew Research Center report, the average hourly wage for nonmanagement private-sector work was $20.67 in 2014, a measly $1.49 higher than in 1964, adjusted for inflation. By LearnAndRecord
Studies suggest that people care more about relative than absolute wealth. If that is true, then as a minority have become richer, the majority have grown more miserable. In a famous experiment carried out at Emory University, two capuchin monkeys were put side by side and given cucumbers as a reward for performing a task. When one of the monkeys was given better-tasting grapes instead, the monkey receiving cucumbers became distraught, flinging its now despised reward at its trainer.
The problems with using GDP as a barometer go beyond masking inequality. Invented in the U.S. in the 1930s, the figure is a child of the manufacturing age – good at measuring physical production but not the services that dominate modern economies. How would GDP measure the quality of mental-health care or the availability of day-care centers and parks in your area?
Even the Belarusian economist who practically invented GDP, had doubts about his creation. He did not like the fact that it counted armaments and financial speculation as positive outputs. Above all, he said, GDP should never be confused with well-being. That suggests we need to find different ways of measuring our success. For the most part, we have become enraptured with a single measure that offers only limited information.
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