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高二英语必修五期末考知识点总结

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英语学习,背诵单词是一个持久的过程,同学们可以利用自己的业余时间背诵和记忆单词,比如说是等车的时间,或是早晨刷牙的时间。下面是小编为大家整理的有关高二英语必修五知识点总结,希望对你们有帮助!sjP小梦文库

sjP小梦文库

高二英语必修五语法知识点sjP小梦文库

【一般过去时】sjP小梦文库

1. 一般过去时的定义sjP小梦文库

一般过去时表示过去某一时候或某一段时间所发生了的事情或存在的状态。常与过去时间yesterday, this morning, just now, a moment ago, in May, last night / year / week, once upon a time, the other day, before …, when – clause, in the past连用。如:sjP小梦文库

What did you do yesterday? 昨天你干了什么?sjP小梦文库

I met Lin Tao this morning. 今天上午我会到了林涛。sjP小梦文库

I was there a moment ago. 刚才我在那儿。sjP小梦文库

2. 一般过去时的应用sjP小梦文库

(1) 表示过去某时所发生的动作或存在的状态。如:sjP小梦文库

Liu Ying was in America last year. 刘英去年在美国。sjP小梦文库

Jim rang you just now. 吉姆刚才给你打了电话。sjP小梦文库

(2) 表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。常接时间副词often, usually, always, sometimes, every day / week, etc. 如:sjP小梦文库

We often went out for a walk after supper. 我们过去常在晚饭后散步。sjP小梦文库

We usually played together. 我们通常一起玩。sjP小梦文库

3. 一般过去时对谓语动词的要求sjP小梦文库

[page]sjP小梦文库

一般过去时的谓语动词要用动词的过去式。动词过去式的构成分规则变化和不规则变化两种形式,不规则变化通常需要逐个记忆,规则变化则遵循以下原则:sjP小梦文库

(1) 一般在动词后加-ed。如:play—played, offer—offered, weigh—weighed, destroy— destroyed, sign—signed.sjP小梦文库

(2) 在以字母e结尾的动词后,只加-d。如:like—liked, provide—provided, hate — hated, date—dated。sjP小梦文库

(3) 在以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词后,则改y为i,再加—ed。如:supply—supplied, fly—flied, study— studied.sjP小梦文库

(4) 在以单短元音的重读闭音节结尾且,末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词后,双写最后一个辅音字母,再加-ed。如:plan—planned, refer—referred, regret—regretted, ban—banned.sjP小梦文库

4. 特别说明sjP小梦文库

有些动词的过去时,如:expect, hope, intend, plan, wanted 等一般过去时,后接不定式的完成时;或它们的过去完成时接不定式的一般式,都可表示过去未曾实现的意图、打算或希望。如:sjP小梦文库

I hoped to have been invited to his wedding party. —I had hoped to be invited to his wedding ceremony. 我本希望他来邀请我参加他的婚礼。sjP小梦文库

I intended to have joined their games. —I had intended to join their games. 我本打算参加他们的比赛。sjP小梦文库

【现在完成进行时】sjP小梦文库

1. 现在完成进行时的定义sjP小梦文库

现在完成进行时表示某动作从过去某个时间开始,一直延续到现在,并且还有可能持续下去。如:sjP小梦文库

We have been waiting for him for two hours. 我们等他等了两个小时。sjP小梦文库

2. 现在完成进行时的结构sjP小梦文库

现在完成进行时由“have /has been + 现在分词”构成。sjP小梦文库

3. 现在完成进行时的应用sjP小梦文库

现在完成进行时所用的时间状语:this month / week / year, these days, recently / lately, in the past few + 时间段, since +时间点, for + 时间段。如:sjP小梦文库

They have been building the bridge for two month. 两个月来他们一直在修桥。sjP小梦文库

They have been planting trees this month. 这个月来他们一直在植树。sjP小梦文库

4. 现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别sjP小梦文库

(1) 现在完成时强调动作的完成,而现在完成进行时强调动作的延续,因此,表示动作的完成,只能用现在完成时,而不能用现在完成进行时。如:sjP小梦文库

He has changed his idea. 他改变了想法。sjP小梦文库

(2) 在表示动作的延续时,虽然既可用现在完成时,也可用现在完成进行时,但现在完成进行时强调动作的进行。因此在需要明确表示动作还要持续下去时,应用现在完成进行时。如:sjP小梦文库

We have been studying here for two years. 我们在这儿已经学习了两年了。sjP小梦文库

(3) 有些延续性动词(如 keep, learn, live, stay, study, work等),用于现在完成时或现在完成进行时的区别不大。如:sjP小梦文库

I have lived here for many years.=I have been living here for many years. 我在这儿住了多年了。sjP小梦文库

【动词语法】sjP小梦文库

1 系动词sjP小梦文库

系动词亦称联系动词(Link Verb),作为系动词,它本身有词义,但不能单独用作谓语,后边必须跟表语(亦称补语),构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。说明:有些系动词又是实义动词,该动词表达实义时,有词义,可单独作谓语。例如:sjP小梦文库

He fell ill yesterday.  他昨天病了。(fell是系动词,后跟补足语,说明主语情况。)sjP小梦文库

He fell off the ladder.  他从梯子上摔下来。fell是实义动词,单独作谓语。sjP小梦文库

1)状态系动词sjP小梦文库

用来表示主语状态,只有be一词。例如:sjP小梦文库

He is a teacher. 他是一名教师。(is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。)sjP小梦文库

2)持续系动词sjP小梦文库

用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand。例如:sjP小梦文库

He always kept silent at meeting.  他开会时总保持沉默。sjP小梦文库

This matter rests a mystery.  此事仍是一个谜。sjP小梦文库

3)表像系动词sjP小梦文库

用来表示"看起来像"这一概念,主要有seem, appear, look。例如:sjP小梦文库

He looks tired.  他看起来很累。sjP小梦文库

He seems (to be) very sad.  他看起来很伤心。sjP小梦文库

4)感官系动词sjP小梦文库

感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste。 例如:sjP小梦文库

This kind of cloth feels very soft.  这种布手感很软。sjP小梦文库

This flower smells very sweet. 这朵花闻起来很香。sjP小梦文库

5)变化系动词sjP小梦文库

这些系动词表示主语变成什么样,变化系动词主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run。例如:sjP小梦文库

He became mad after that.  自那之后,他疯了。sjP小梦文库

She grew rich within a short time.  她没多长时间就富了。(北京安通学校提供)sjP小梦文库

6)终止系动词sjP小梦文库

表示主语已终止动作,主要有prove, turn out, 表达"证实","变成"之意。例如:sjP小梦文库

The rumor proved false. 这谣言证实有假。sjP小梦文库

The search proved difficult. 搜查证实很难。sjP小梦文库

His plan turned out a success.  他的计划终于成功了。(turn out表终止性结果)sjP小梦文库

2 助动词sjP小梦文库

1)协助主要动词构成谓语动词的词叫助动词。被协助的动词称作主要动词。助动词自身没有词义,不可单独使用。例如:sjP小梦文库

He doesn′t like English. 他不喜欢英语。sjP小梦文库

(doesn′t是助动词,无词义;like是主要动词,有词义)sjP小梦文库

2) 助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用,可以用来:sjP小梦文库

a. 表示时态。例如:sjP小梦文库

He is singing. 他在唱歌。(北京安通学校提供)sjP小梦文库

He has got married. 他已结婚。sjP小梦文库

b. 表示语态。例如:sjP小梦文库

He was sent to England. 他被派往英国。sjP小梦文库

c. 构成疑问句。例如:sjP小梦文库

Do you like college life? 你喜欢大学生活吗?sjP小梦文库

Did you study English before you came here? 你来这儿之前学过英语吗?sjP小梦文库

d. 与否定副词not合用,构成否定句。例如:sjP小梦文库

I don′t like him.  我不喜欢他。sjP小梦文库

e. 加强语气。例如:sjP小梦文库

Do come to the party tomorrow evening. 明天晚上一定来参加晚会。sjP小梦文库

He did know that.  他的确知道那件事。sjP小梦文库

3) 最常用的助动词有:be, have, do, shall, will, should, would等。sjP小梦文库

3 助动词be的用法sjP小梦文库

1) be +现在分词,构成进行时态。例如:sjP小梦文库

They are having a meeting. 他们正在开会。sjP小梦文库

English is becoming more and more important. 英语现在越来越重要。(北京安通学校提供)sjP小梦文库

2) be + 过去分词,构成被动语态。例如:sjP小梦文库

The window was broken by Tom.. 窗户是汤姆打碎的。sjP小梦文库

高二英语必修五unit5知识点归纳sjP小梦文库

【词语】sjP小梦文库

1. first aid 的意思是“急救”,例如:first aid to the injured 给予伤员的急救。sjP小梦文库

短语联想sjP小梦文库

give/offer aid 援助 come to sb's aid 帮助某人sjP小梦文库

teaching aids 教具 medical aid 医疗救护sjP小梦文库

with the aid of 借助于sjP小梦文库

get injured 受伤,在现代英语中大量地出现了由“get + 及物动词不达意的过去分词”构成的被动语态,这叫 get - 型被动语态。又如:sjP小梦文库

The computer got (was)damaged when we were moving.sjP小梦文库

My bike is getting (is being)repaired row.sjP小梦文库

2. Protect 动词,“保护、维护”,用于句式“protect + 名词 + against/from + 名词”。sjP小梦文库

e.g. He is wearing sunglasses to protect his eyes from the strong sunlight.sjP小梦文库

【短语联想】sjP小梦文库

Ø Keep... from... 不让/避免sjP小梦文库

Ø stop... (from) ... 阻止sjP小梦文库

Ø prevent...(from) ... 妨碍/防止sjP小梦文库

Ødisable... from... 使……失去(能力/资格)sjP小梦文库

Øsave... from... 挽救、拯救sjP小梦文库

3.depend on 取决于。sjP小梦文库

e.g. The amount you pay depends on where you live.词义拓展sjP小梦文库

depend on 依靠,依赖:His family depends on him. 他的一家人全靠他养活。sjP小梦文库

依赖,信任:We are depending on you to finish the job by Friday.sjP小梦文库

4. squeeze 动词,意思是“榨取”、“挤出”,例如:squeeze an orange 榨橘子sjP小梦文库

squeeze + 名词 + out(of/from) + 名词,sjP小梦文库

e.g. Those blackmailers intended to squeeze more money out of him.sjP小梦文库

5. hurt 既可作及物动词,作“伤害”、“使受伤”解,也可作不及物动词,作“疼痛”、“感到疼痛”解。既可表达身体的受伤,也可以表达情感的伤害。例如:sjP小梦文库

e.g. The little boy has fallen off a ladder and hurt himself.sjP小梦文库

The driver hurt himself in the accident. 司机在事故中受了伤。sjP小梦文库

6. unless 除非……;如果不……。如:sjP小梦文库

7. icy adj. 冰凉的sjP小梦文库

-y 是个形容词后缀。如:sjP小梦文库

windy 有风的 hilly 多小山的 sleepy 困倦的sjP小梦文库

greeny 略呈绿色 spicy 辛辣的 woody 树木茂密的sjP小梦文库

thirsty 饥渴的 dirty 脏的 snowy 下雪的sjP小梦文库

8. in place 放在适当的地方。如:sjP小梦文库

e.g. The librarian put the returned books in place. 图书管理员把还回的图书放到原处。sjP小梦文库

Yon'd better put things back in place.Otherwise, it will be difficult to find things.sjP小梦文库

9. sense n. 感觉sjP小梦文库

Øsense of touch 触觉 sense of sight 视觉sjP小梦文库

Ø sense of hearing 听觉 sense of smell 嗅觉sjP小梦文库

Ø sense of humour 幽默感 sense of beauty 美感sjP小梦文库

Øense of hunger 饥饿感 the sixth sense 第六感sjP小梦文库

10. variety n. 多样, 种类,sjP小梦文库

★ a variety of… 各种各样……sjP小梦文库

【词语联想】sjP小梦文库

various a. 不同的, 各种的, 多方面的, 许多的sjP小梦文库

e.g. Everyone arrived late at the party for various reasons.sjP小梦文库

【重点句型】sjP小梦文库

1. Remove clothing using scissors if necessary unless it is stuck to the burn.sjP小梦文库

除非衣服粘贴在烧伤面上,否则都要把衣服脱掉。如果需要的话,可以使用剪刀。sjP小梦文库

unless是连词,意为“如果不,除非”。在真实条件句中,unless引导的肯定条件状语从句,可以和if...not...引导的否定状语从句互换。sjP小梦文库

Unless you change your mind,I won,t be able to help you.sjP小梦文库

=If you don?t change your mind,I won ’t be able to help you.sjP小梦文库

除非你改变想法,否则我不能帮助你。sjP小梦文库

I want you to keep working unless I tell you to stop.sjP小梦文库

=I want you to keep working if I don’t tell you to stop.sjP小梦文库

如果我没说让你停,你就得继续干。sjP小梦文库

注意:unless 不可用于假想的事情,因此当if...not引导非真实条件状语从句时,一般不可改用unless。sjP小梦文库

例题:单项填空sjP小梦文库

①All the dishes in this menu, ______ otherwise stated, will serve two to three people.sjP小梦文库

A. As B. if C. though D. unlesssjP小梦文库

②Don’t promise anything ______ you are one hundred percent sure.sjP小梦文库

A. Whether B. after C. how D. unlesssjP小梦文库

解析: ①选D。考查状语从句的引导词。句意为:在这份菜单上的所有菜,除非另外说明,会给两到三个人食用。sjP小梦文库

②选D。句意为:除非你有完全的把握,否则不要做出承诺。unless除非。sjP小梦文库

2. John was studying in his room when he heard screaming.sjP小梦文库

约翰正在房里学习,突然听到一声尖叫。sjP小梦文库

此句型中when作并列连词,相当于and then,意为“正当……时,突然”。sjP小梦文库

常用结构:sjP小梦文库

be doing...when... 正在做……突然……sjP小梦文库

had done...when... 刚做了……突然……sjP小梦文库

be about to do...when... 刚要做……突然……sjP小梦文库

be on the point of doing sth. when... 刚要做……突然……sjP小梦文库

例题:单项填空sjP小梦文库

①She had just finished her homework _____ her mother asked her to practice playing the piano yesterday.sjP小梦文库

A. When B. while C. after D. sincesjP小梦文库

②We were swimming in the lake ______ suddenly the storm started.sjP小梦文库

A. When B. while C. until D. beforesjP小梦文库

③I ______ along the street looking for a place to park when the accident .sjP小梦文库

A. went; was occurring B. went; occurredsjP小梦文库

C. was going; occurred D. was going; had occurredsjP小梦文库

解析: ①选A。由句意可知此处when用作并列连词,意为“这时”。②选A。when作连词,表示“正在这时”。句意为:我们正在湖中游泳,突然暴风雨来了。③选C。主句要用过去进行时,表示当时正在路上走着;when引导的从句多用一般过去时。sjP小梦文库

【重点短语】sjP小梦文库

1. fall ill 生病sjP小梦文库

Hearing the bad news, he fell ill. 听到坏消息后,他病了。sjP小梦文库

联想拓展sjP小梦文库

fall behind 落后sjP小梦文库

fall sick 生病sjP小梦文库

fall asleep 入睡sjP小梦文库

fall down 掉下;倒塌sjP小梦文库

fall in love with ... 爱上……sjP小梦文库

fall off 脱落;减少;从……上掉下sjP小梦文库

fall into the habit of ... 养成……的习惯sjP小梦文库

fall over 跌倒;翻倒;落到……上sjP小梦文库

fall silent 沉默sjP小梦文库

2. in placesjP小梦文库

在适当的位置;适当sjP小梦文库

I like everything to be in place.sjP小梦文库

我喜欢所有的东西都放在原来的地方。sjP小梦文库

With everything in place, she started the slide show.sjP小梦文库

一切就绪,她开始放幻灯片。sjP小梦文库

联想拓展sjP小梦文库

be in/out of order 有条理/无条理;坏了sjP小梦文库

be in/out of control 正常/失控sjP小梦文库

be in/out of danger 有危险/脱离危险sjP小梦文库

in place of...=take the place of... 代替;取代sjP小梦文库

give place to 被……取代;让位于……sjP小梦文库

out of place 不在适当的位置; 不合适sjP小梦文库

3. make a differencesjP小梦文库

有很大差别;有很大不同;有很大的关系/影响sjP小梦文库

Whether he could get the support from his parents made a great difference to the plan.sjP小梦文库

他是否能得到父母的支持对这个计划的影响很大。sjP小梦文库

Does it any difference whether he?ll attend the meeting?sjP小梦文库

他出不出席会议有什么区别吗?sjP小梦文库

联想拓展sjP小梦文库

make a difference between ...and ... 区别对待……sjP小梦文库

make some difference to对…… 有些关系sjP小梦文库

make no difference to 对……没有关系sjP小梦文库

make all the difference 关系重大;大不相同sjP小梦文库


sjP小梦文库

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