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考研阅读理解真题英语一

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考研阅读理解真题英语一1Swy小梦文库

Text 2Swy小梦文库

When Liam McGee departed as president of Bank of America in August, his explanation was surprisingly straight up. Rather than cloaking his exit in the usual vague excuses, he came right out and said he was leaving “to pursue my goal of running a company.” Broadcasting his ambition was “very much my decision,” McGee says. Within two weeks, he was talking for the first time with the board of Hartford Financial Services Group, which named him CEO and chairman on September 29.Swy小梦文库

McGee says leaving without a position lined up gave him time to reflect on what kind of company he wanted to run. It also sent a clear message to the outside world about his aspirations. And McGee isn‘t alone. In recent weeks the No.2 executives at Avon and American Express quit with the explanation that they were looking for a CEO post. As boards scrutinize succession plans in response to shareholder pressure, executives who don’t get the nod also may wish to move on. A turbulent business environment also has senior managers cautious of letting vague pronouncements cloud their reputations.Swy小梦文库

As the first signs of recovery begin to take hold, deputy chiefs may be more willing to make the jump without a net. In the third quarter, CEO turnover was down 23% from a year ago as nervous boards stuck with the leaders they had, according to Liberum Research. As the economy picks up, opportunities will abound for aspiring leaders.Swy小梦文库

The decision to quit a senior position to look for a better one is unconventional. For years executives and headhunters have adhered to the rule that the most attractive CEO candidates are the ones who must be poached. Says Korn/Ferry senior partner Dennis Carey:“I can‘t think of a single search I’ve done where a board has not instructed me to look at sitting CEOs first.”Swy小梦文库

Those who jumped without a job haven‘t always landed in top positions quickly. Ellen Marram quit as chief of Tropicana a decade age, saying she wanted to be a CEO. It was a year before she became head of a tiny Internet-based commodities exchange. Robert Willumstad left Citigroup in 2005 with ambitions to be a CEO. He finally took that post at a major financial institution three years later.Swy小梦文库

Many recruiters say the old disgrace is fading for top performers. The financial crisis has made it more acceptable to be between jobs or to leave a bad one. “The traditional rule was it‘s safer to stay where you are, but that’s been fundamentally inverted,” says one headhunter. “The people who‘ve been hurt the worst are those who’ve stayed too long.”Swy小梦文库

26. When McGee announced his departure, his manner can best be described as beingSwy小梦文库

[A]arrogant.Swy小梦文库

[B]frank.Swy小梦文库

[C]self-centered.Swy小梦文库

[D]impulsive.Swy小梦文库

27. According to Paragraph 2, senior executives‘ quitting may be spurred bySwy小梦文库

[A]their expectation of better financial status.Swy小梦文库

[B]their need to reflect on their private life.Swy小梦文库

[C]their strained relations with the boards.Swy小梦文库

[D]their pursuit of new career goals.Swy小梦文库

28. The word “poached” (Line 3, Paragraph 4) most probably meansSwy小梦文库

[A]approved of.Swy小梦文库

[B]attended to.Swy小梦文库

[C]hunted for.Swy小梦文库

[D]guarded against.Swy小梦文库

29. It can be inferred from the last paragraph thatSwy小梦文库

[A]top performers used to cling to their posts.Swy小梦文库

[B]loyalty of top performers is getting out-dated.Swy小梦文库

[C]top performers care more about reputations.Swy小梦文库

[D]it‘s safer to stick to the traditional rules.Swy小梦文库

30. Which of the following is the best title for the text?Swy小梦文库

[A]CEOs: Where to Go?Swy小梦文库

[B]CEOs: All the Way Up?Swy小梦文库

[C]Top Managers Jump without a NetSwy小梦文库

[D]The Only Way Out for Top PerformersSwy小梦文库

考研阅读理解真题英语一2Swy小梦文库

TEXT 2Swy小梦文库

Just how much does the Constitution protect your digital data? The Supreme Court will now consider whether police can search the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant if the phone is on or around a person during an arrest.Swy小梦文库

California has asked the justices to refrain from a sweeping ruling, particularly one that upsets the old assumptions that authorities may search through the possessions of suspects at the time of their arrest. It is hard, the state argues, for judges to assess the implications of new and rapidly changing technologies.Swy小梦文库

The court would be recklessly modest if it followed California's advice. Enough of the implications are discernable, even obvious, so that the justice can and should provide updated guidelines to police, lawyers and defendants.Swy小梦文库

They should start by discarding California's lame argument that exploring the contents of a smartphone- a vast storehouse of digital information is similar to say, going through a suspect's purse .The court has ruled that police don't violate the Fourth Amendment when they go through the wallet or pocketbook, of an arrestee without a warrant. But exploring one's smartphone is more like entering his or her home. A smartphone may contain an arrestee's reading history, financial history, medical history and comprehensive records of recent correspondence. The development of "cloud computing." meanwhile, has made that exploration so much the easier.Swy小梦文库

But the justices should not swallow California's argument whole. New, disruptive technology sometimes demands novel applications of the Constitution's protections. Orin Kerr, a law professor, compares the explosion and accessibility of digital information in the 21st century with the establishment of automobile use as a digital necessity of life in the 20th: The justices had to specify novel rules for the new personal domain of the passenger car then; they must sort out how the Fourth Amendment applies to digital information now.Swy小梦文库

26. The Supreme court, will work out whether, during an arrest, it is legitimate toSwy小梦文库

[A] search for suspects' mobile phones without a warrant.Swy小梦文库

[B] check suspects' phone contents without being authorized.Swy小梦文库

[C] prevent suspects from deleting their phone contents.Swy小梦文库

[D] prohibit suspects from using their mobile phones.Swy小梦文库

27. The author's attitude toward California's argument is one ofSwy小梦文库

[A] tolerance.Swy小梦文库

[B] indifference.Swy小梦文库

[C] disapproval.Swy小梦文库

[D] cautiousness.Swy小梦文库

28. The author believes that exploring one's phone content is comparable toSwy小梦文库

[A] getting into one's residence.Swy小梦文库

[B] handing one's historical records.Swy小梦文库

[C] scanning one's correspondences.Swy小梦文库

[D] going through one's wallet.Swy小梦文库

29. In Paragraph 5 and 6, the author shows his concern thatSwy小梦文库

[A] principles are hard to be clearly expressed.Swy小梦文库

[B] the court is giving police less room for action.Swy小梦文库

[C] phones are used to store sensitive information.Swy小梦文库

[D] citizens' privacy is not effective protected.Swy小梦文库

30.Orin Kerr's comparison is quoted to indicate thatSwy小梦文库

(A)the Constitution should be implemented flexibly.Swy小梦文库

(B)New technology requires reinterpretation of the Constitution.Swy小梦文库

(C)California's argument violates principles of the Constitution.Swy小梦文库

(D)Principles of the Constitution should never be altered.Swy小梦文库

考研阅读理解真题英语一3Swy小梦文库

Text 2Swy小梦文库

A new survey by Harvard University finds more than two-thirds of young Americans disapprove of President Trump’s use of Twitter. The implication is that Millennials prefer news from the White House to be filtered through other source, Not a president’s social media platform.Swy小梦文库

Most Americans rely on social media to check daily headlines. Yet as distrust has risen toward all media, people may be starting to beef up their media literacy skills. Such a trend is badly needed. During the 2016 presidential campaign, nearly a quarter of web content shared by Twitter users in the politically critical state of Michigan was fake news, according to the University of Oxford. And a survey conducted for BuzzFeed News found 44 percent of Facebook users rarely or never trust news from the media giant.Swy小梦文库

Young people who are digital natives are indeed becoming more skillful at separating fact from fiction in cyberspace. A Knight Foundation focus-group survey of young people between ages 14and24 found they use “distributed trust” to verify stories. They cross-check sources and prefer news from different perspectives—especially those that are open about any bias. “Many young people assume a great deal of personal responsibility for educating themselves and actively seeking out opposing viewpoints,” the survey concluded.Swy小梦文库

Such active research can have another effect. A 2014 survey conducted in Australia, Britain, and the United States by the University of Wisconsin-Madison found that young people’s reliance on social media led to greater political engagement.Swy小梦文库

Social media allows users to experience news events more intimately and immediately while also permitting them to re-share news as a projection of their values and interests. This forces users to be more conscious of their role in passing along information. A survey by Barna research group found the top reason given by Americans for the fake news phenomenon is “reader error,” more so than made-up stories or factual mistakes in reporting. About a third say the problem of fake news lies in “misinterpretation or exaggeration of actual news” via social media. In other words, the choice to share news on social media may be the heart of the issue. “This indicates there is a real personal responsibility in counteracting this problem,” says Roxanne Stone, editor in chief at Barna Group.Swy小梦文库

So when young people are critical of an over-tweeting president, they reveal a mental discipline in thinking skills – and in their choices on when to share on social media.Swy小梦文库

26. According to the Paragraphs 1 and 2, many young Americans cast doubts onSwy小梦文库

[A] the justification of the news-filtering practice.Swy小梦文库

[B] people’s preference for social media platforms.Swy小梦文库

[C] the administrations ability to handle information.Swy小梦文库

[D] social media was a reliable source of news.Swy小梦文库

27. The phrase “beer up”(Line 2, Para. 2) is closest in meaning toSwy小梦文库

[A] sharpenSwy小梦文库

[B] defineSwy小梦文库

[C] boastSwy小梦文库

[D] shareSwy小梦文库

28. According to the knight foundation survey, young peopleSwy小梦文库

[A] tend to voice their opinions in cyberspace.Swy小梦文库

[B] verify news by referring to diverse resources.Swy小梦文库

[C] have s strong sense of responsibility.Swy小梦文库

[D] like to exchange views on “distributed trust”Swy小梦文库

29. The Barna survey found that a main cause for the fake news problem isSwy小梦文库

[A] readers outdated values.Swy小梦文库

[B] journalists’ biased reportingSwy小梦文库

[C] readers’ misinterpretationSwy小梦文库

[D] journalists’ made-up stories.Swy小梦文库

30. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?Swy小梦文库

[A] A Rise in Critical Skills for Sharing News OnlineSwy小梦文库

[B] A Counteraction Against the Over-tweeting TrendSwy小梦文库

[C] The Accumulation of Mutual Trust on Social Media.Swy小梦文库

[D] The Platforms for Projection of Personal Interests.Swy小梦文库

考研阅读理解真题英语一4Swy小梦文库

Text 2Swy小梦文库

All around the world, lawyers generate more hostility than the members of any other profession---with the possible exception of journalism. But there are few places where clients have more grounds for complaint than America.Swy小梦文库

During the decade before the economic crisis, spending on legal services in America grew twice as fast as inflation. The best lawyers made skyscrapers-full of money, tempting ever more students to pile into law schools. But most law graduates never get a big-firm job. Many of them instead become the kind of nuisance-lawsuit filer that makes the tort system a costly nightmare.Swy小梦文库

There are many reasons for this. One is the excessive costs of a legal education. There is just one path for a lawyer in most American states: a four-year undergraduate degree at one of 200 law schools authorized by the American Bar Association and an expensive preparation for the bar exam. This leaves today’s average law-school graduate with $100,000 of debt on top of undergraduate debts. Law-school debt means that they have to work fearsomely hard.Swy小梦文库

Reforming the system would help both lawyers and their customers. Sensible ideas have been around for a long time, but the state-level bodies that govern the profession have been too conservative to implement them. One idea is to allow people to study law as an undergraduate degree. Another is to let students sit for the bar after only two years of law school. If the bar exam is truly a stern enough test for a would-be lawyer, those who can sit it earlier should be allowed to do so.Students who do not need the extra training could cut their debt mountain by a third.The other reason why costs are so high is the restrictive guild-like ownership structure of the business. Except in the District of Columbia, non-lawyers may not own any share of a law firm. This keeps fees high and innovation slow. There is pressure for change from within the profession, but opponents of change among the regulators insist that keeping outsiders out of a law firm isolates lawyers from the pressure to make money rather than serve clients ethically.Swy小梦文库

In fact,allowing non-lawyers to own shares in law firms would reduce costs and improve services to customers, by encouraging law firms to use technology and to employ professional managers to focus on improving firms’ efficiency. After all, other countries, such as Australia and Britain, have started liberalizing their legal professions. America should follow.Swy小梦文库

26.a lot of students take up law as their profession due toSwy小梦文库

[A]the growing demand from clients.Swy小梦文库

[B]the increasing pressure of inflation.Swy小梦文库

[C]the prospect of working in big firms.Swy小梦文库

[D]the attraction of financial rewards.Swy小梦文库

答案:D。该题是因果细节题,考察细节。首先,根据段落定位原则模糊定位,定位到前几段。其次,再精确定位,题干中有关键词“students”“law”“profession”,回到原文寻找相关信息。第一段未发现相关信息,然后到第二段看到“The best lawyers made skyscrapers-full of money, tempting ever more students to pile into law schools.”与题干有重合之处,选项D是该句的同义替换。A、B、C三个选项根据原文个别词汇“clients”“inflation”“big-firm”等进行干扰。注意,第一段的But是个假转折词,并非答案处。Swy小梦文库

27.Which of the following adds to the costs of legal education in most American states?Swy小梦文库

[A]Higher tuition fees for undergraduate studies.Swy小梦文库

[B]Admissions approval from the bar association.Swy小梦文库

[C]Pursuing a bachelor’s degree in another major.Swy小梦文库

[D]Receiving training by professional associations.Swy小梦文库

答案:C。该题是细节题,考察细节。首先根据段落定位原则定位到第三段。其次,根据题干关键词“the costs of legal education”精确定位到第三段第二句话“One is the excessive costs of a legal education.”问题是“which of the following adds to the costs of legal education”,因此定位句的下一句就是答案,即“There is just one path for a lawyer in most American states: a four-year undergraduate degree in some unrelated subject, then a three-year law degree at one of 200 law schools accredited by the American Bar Association and an expensive preparation for the bar exam.”分析选项可知,选项C恰当概况了该句子的涵义。A选项利用三段末尾的“This leaves today’s average law-school graduate with $100,000 of debt on top of undergraduate debts.”进行干扰。B选项无中生有。D选项根据四段最后一句出现的“training”个别词汇进行干扰。Swy小梦文库

28.Hindrance to the reform of the legal system originates fromSwy小梦文库

[A]lawyers’ and clients’ strong resistance.Swy小梦文库

[B]the rigid bodies governing the profession.Swy小梦文库

[C]the stem exam for would-be lawyers.Swy小梦文库

[D]non-professionals’ sharp criticism.Swy小梦文库

答案:B。该题是原因细节题,问来源。首先段落定位原则定位到第四段。其次,根据题干关键词“the reform of the legal system”定位到第二句“Sensible ideas have been around for a long time, but the state-level bodies that govern the profession have been too conservative to implement them.”选项B即为该句的同义替换。Swy小梦文库

29.The guild-like ownership structure is considered “restrictive” partly because itSwy小梦文库

[A]bans outsiders’ involvement in the profession.Swy小梦文库

[B]keeps lawyers from holding law-firm shares.Swy小梦文库

[C]aggravates the ethical situation in the trade.Swy小梦文库

[D]prevents lawyers from gaining due profits.Swy小梦文库

答案:A。该题为因果细节题,问原因。根据段落定位原则定位至倒数第二段。其次,题干中出现“the guild-like ownership structure”,精确定位到第二句“Except in the District of Columbia, non-lawyers may not own any share of a law firm. This keeps fees high and innovation slow.”此外,在该段最后一句提到“…keeping outsiders out of a law firm isolates lawyers from the pressure to make money rather than serve clients ethically.”从而可以得出答案选A。Swy小梦文库

30.In this text, the author mainly discussesSwy小梦文库

[A]flawed ownership of America’s law firms and its causes.Swy小梦文库

[B]the factors that help make a successful lawyer in America.Swy小梦文库

[C]a problem in America’s legal profession and solutions to it.Swy小梦文库

[D]the role of undergraduate studies in America’s legal education.Swy小梦文库

答案:C。该题为文章主旨题,考察文章中心。该篇文章属于问题解决型文章,前5段均在说美国法律职业存在的问题,最后一段提出了解决措施“allowing non-lawyers to own shares in law firms would reduce costs and improve services to customers, by encouraging law firms to use technology and to employ professional managers to focus on improving firms’ efficiency.”。因此,该篇属于问题解决型文章,选C。其他几个选项均为文中的个别细节,以偏概全。Swy小梦文库


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