Lesson 20 One man in a boat独坐孤舟
First listen and then answer the question.听录音,然后回答以下问题。
Why is fishing the writer&39;s favourite sport?
Fishing is my favourite sport. I often fish for hours without catching anything. But this does not worry me.
钓鱼是我特别喜爱的一项运动。我经常一钓数小时却一无所获,但我从不为此烦恼
Some fishermen are unlucky. Instead of catching fish, they catch old boots and rubbish.
有些垂钓者就是不走运,他们往往鱼钓不到,却钓上来些旧靴子和垃圾
I am even less lucky. I never catch anything -- not even old boots.
我的运气甚至还不及他们。我什么东西也未钓到过 -- 就连旧靴子也没有
After having spent whole mornings on the river, I always go home with an empty bag.
我总是在河上呆上整整一上午,然后空着袋子回家
&39;You must give up fishing!&39; my friends say. &39;It&39;s a waste of time.&39; But they don&39;t realize one important thing.
“你可别再钓鱼了!”我的朋友们说,“这是浪费时间。”然而他们没有认识到重要的一 点
I&39;m not really interested in fishing. I am only interested in sitting in a boat and doing nothing at all!
我并不是真的对钓鱼有兴趣,我感兴趣的只是独坐孤舟,无所事事!
New words and Expressions生词和短语
catch
v. 抓到
fisherman
n. 钓鱼人,渔民
boot
n. 靴子
waste
n. 浪费
realize
v. 意识到
Notes on the text课文注释
1 Fishing is my favourite sport.钓鱼是我最喜欢的一项运动。在这句话中,主语是fishing,这是一个动名词由功词加上-ing组成。
2 I often fish for hours without catching anything.我经常一钓数小时却一无所获。这句话中的catching也是动名词、它作介词without的宾语。动名词也有动词的特性,它可以有自己的宾语。
3 After having spent whole mornings on the river,在河上呆了整整一个上午之后。由于作介词after的宾语的动名词所表示的动作发生在谓语动词go之前,因此,动名词要用完成形式,即having spent。
4 be interested in doing sth. 对做...感兴趣。
Lesson 20 自学导读First things first
课文详注 Further notes on the text1.I often fish for hours without catching anything. 我经常一钓数小时却一无所获。
without 通常表示“缺乏”、“没有”:
I can&39;t repair the car without your help.
没有你的帮助我无法修理这车。
当它位于动名词前时,它表示“不曾”、“不”:
They tried to leave the restaurant without paying.
他们企图不付账就离开餐馆。
John left the room without telling anyone.
约翰离开房间时不曾告诉任何人。
2.Instead of catching fish, they catch old boots and rubbish. 他们往往鱼钓不到,却钓上来些旧靴子和垃圾。
instead有“作为替代”、“反而”等含义,一般以短语形式instead of出现:
Jack took part in the race instead of Tony.
杰克代替托尼参加了比赛。
Instead of sugar, he bought some salt.
他没有买糖,而是买了些盐。
副词instead单独使用时一般出现在句尾:
If you don&39;t want a holiday in England, why don&39;t you go to Australia instead?
如果你不想在英国度假,那你为什么不去澳大利亚呢?
3.I am even less lucky. 我的运气甚至还不及他们。
less是little的比较级,意为“不及”、“不如”、“更少”:
Tom has got little chocolate, and Jack has got even less.
汤姆只有一点儿巧克力,杰克则更少。
I spend less time on English than on French.
我花在英语上的时间比花在法语上的少。
(cf. 第8课语法)
4.…I always go home with an empty bag. ……然后空着袋子回家。
with可以表示“有……的”、“持有……的”、“随身带着……”等:
Who&39;s the man with the umbrella?
那个带伞的男人是谁?
Who&39;s the man with the beard?
那个留胡子的男人是谁?
Who&39;s the woman with the little boy?
带着那个小男孩的女人是谁?
5.I&39;m not really interested in fishing. 我并不是真的对钓鱼有兴趣。
表示“对……感兴趣”一般用be interested in sth. /doing sth.:
Tim is only interested in food.
蒂姆只对食物感兴趣。
I&39;m interested in collecting stamps.
我对集邮有兴趣。
语法 Grammar in use
动名词(The Gerund)(1)
动名词和现在分词的形式完全一样,都是由动词+-ing构成。-ing 形式作名词时称为动名词。从广义上讲,动名词可以代替名词,尽管它像动词一样可带宾语。像名词一样,它可以作主语:
Dancing is fun. I love it.
跳舞有意思,我喜欢跳舞。
Walking quickly is difficult.
走快是很难的。(动名词+副词作主语)
Washing the car makes him dirty.
擦洗汽车把他身上弄脏了。(动名词+宾语作主语)
动名词也可以作宾语或介词宾语:
Mary is keen on cooking.
玛丽热衷于烹调。(介词宾语)
Congratulations on passing your exams!
祝贺你通过考试!
可以带动名词的介词通常有 before,after,instead of,without 等。用介词+动名词结构可以将两个短句合为一句话,或者将一个从句变为动名词结构。动名词的否定式是在它前面直接加not:
Tom always knocks before entering a room.
汤姆在走进一个房间前总要敲门。
He apologized for not writing to you.
他为没给你写信而表示道歉。
动名词也可以用表示完成时的 having +过去分词结构:
You can&39;t leave the restaurant without having paid the bill.
在没有付账之前你不能离开饭店。
词汇学习 Word study
1.catch vt.
(1)捉住,逮住,捕获:
The police have caught the thief.
警察已逮住那个小偷。
Have you caught any fish today?
你今天钓到鱼了吗?
(2)抓住,握住:
Tom caught the thief by the arm.
汤姆抓住小偷的胳膊。
Can you catch the ball?
你能接住球吗?
(3)及时赶到,赶上:
I want to catch the eight nineteen(train) to London.
我想赶8点19分的火车去伦敦。
2.realize vt.
(1)实现(希望、目标、愿望等):
She has realized her hope to be an actress.
她实现了自己当一名演员的愿望。
(2)使变为事实,使发生(常用于被动语态):
This plan can never be realized.
这个计划永远不可能变成事实。
(3)认识,知道,明白,意识到:
I went into the wrong room without realizing it.
我无意中走错了房间。
I hope you realize that you&39;ve made a big mistake.
我希望你明白你已经犯了个大错误。
realize 和understand表示这个意思时有时可以互换,有时则不可以。在上面的例句中,第1句不可用 understand,第2句则可以。又如:
I an did not understand English.
伊恩不懂英语。(不可用 realize)
3.interested与interesting
大多数现在分词和许多过去分词都可以作形容词用。常见的以-ed和-ing结尾的成对的形容词有 excited/ exciting, tired/ tiring, interested/ interesting等。以-ed结尾的形容词常与人称主语连用,表示人的情绪、状态、喜好等;以-ing结尾的形容词则常与非人称主语连用,表明事物的某种特征、性质等:
This story is exciting.
这故事激动人心。
I am excited by the story.
我因这故事而兴奋。
It was an exciting finish.
(比赛的)结尾激动人心。
Sally was very excited because she had never travelled on a train before.
萨莉非常激动,因为她从未乘过火车。
The play was very interesting.
戏很有意思。
Are you interested in plays?
你对戏剧有兴趣吗?